Hospital Care At The Middle Georgia Area - 1621 Words

Located in the middle Georgia area is a military base town that has increase two fold in population in the last fifteen years. In this town is a hospital with the mission statement to improve the healthcare of the communities we serve by providing patient-focused, high quality, cost effective services while promoting health and wellness. In the last 6 years the hospital has added 75 inpatient hospital beds, remodel emergency department, open two outliers urgent care centers and expanded its cardiac services. This acute care hospital is surrounded by small rural counties with the nearest hospital located in 35 miles radius. With the new expansion of the cardiac line services and demanding need to decrease wait time in the emergency room,†¦show more content†¦Second is consistent approach in using evidence –based clinical practice guidelines for the ACS and AMI clientele. Thirdly is the collection and analysis of the four performance measures for chest pain patients. If a chest pain centers program meets all of these qualifications will be awarded certification for a two year period. There are several strengths for starting a chest pain program at this particular facility. One is the location of the hospital. The hospital is located 45 minutes south of the nearest certified chest pain center. For our patient that lives in one of the rural counties it can be almost 90 minutes before they reach that facility. If the patient is having a true cardiac event, a quicker facility to get to may prevent irreversible damage to the heart. Second strength is the newly cardiac expanded services in 2011 the cardiac cath lab started performing percutaneous interventions. Cardiologists from surrounding hospitals have started performing procedures and referring patients to the facility. Third strength is the newly renovated cardiac cath lab. The cath lab has expanded to two more cardiac catherization room and electrophyics lab. Fourth strength is the redesign of the emergency room with new emergency room physicians and new leadership willing to incorporate change. The fifth strength it will have a strong community and military community support. The board and military community has always supported the facilities newShow MoreRelatedA Survey Of The Windshield Survey1302 Words   |  6 PagesWindshield Survey: Valdosta, Georgia Community health nurses have the responsibility of assessing the community he or she will be working in to provide the best care to the residents in the community and to gather this data the community health nurse completes a windshield survey (Nies McEwen, 2015). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the findings from the windshield survey completed in Valdosta, Georgia. Direct Data While examining the community of Valdosta, Georgia there were some common themesRead MoreOrganizational Structure and Culture1163 Words   |  5 Pages(Luthans, 1998). My organization is Saint Joseph’s Hospital, which is a leading magnet facility here in Atlanta Georgia. Saint Joseph s was the first hospital in the Southeast to perform open heart surgery, the first to develop a cardiac cath lab and the first to perform balloon angioplasty. The hospital was also the first to open a pace maker clinic and the first in Georgia to implant an artificial heart. Saint Joseph s is also regarded as one of Georgia s early pioneers in vascular surgery. SaintRead MoreThe main difference between the federal budget and the state and local budgets is the issue of a monetary deficit1495 Words   |  4 Pagesmilitary spending for the troops in the Afghanistan and Iraq and Homeland Security. Since 200,1 this portion of the budget has increased from $297 billion to $740 billion in 2011. The ne xt largest portion is both Health Care and Pensions at 22% of the federal budget each. Health care constitutes Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid. Social Security was established in the 1930s and was created to help older Americans. Before Social Security the responsibility of their well being was the responsibilityRead MoreIncidence of Low Birth Weight Infants in Dougherty County1018 Words   |  4 PagesWindshield Survey The residential areas within the city limits of Dougherty County consist of single lot family duplexes, cluster housing, and town homes. These are located in areas such as the south part of town. Also there is a mix of duplexes and row houses. These homes are part of urban and residential redevelopment projects that are targeting high density residential areas. Residential structures outside the city are mainly single family homes. These homes are located in subdivisions and areRead MoreSystem Theory Application For A Middle Georgia Labor And Delivery Unit1624 Words   |  7 PagesSystem Theory Application in a Middle Georgia Labor and Delivery Unit Introduction A system can be defined as several interconnected components working together that permit the identification of a boundary-maintaining entity or process (Laszlo Krippner, 1998). The entity, Houston Healthcare, located in Warner Robins, Georgia has a mission statement that affirms â€Å"to improve the healthcare of the communities we serve by providing patient-focused, high quality, cost-effective services while promotingRead MoreExploring Data Sources And Gathering Appropriate Information783 Words   |  4 Pagesgeneral, the study has discovered and determined 75 projects as case studies in conjunction with various detailed information, such as names of general contractors, LIB’s characteristics, the project duration, the completion year, the project size (gross area), budgets and actual costs, building types, delivery methods, green features, number of RFIs, change orders, number of project participants, and other components. For instance, 30 case studies with full-implem ented LIB are represented in Table 2. Read MoreCivil Rights Diary Essay examples871 Words   |  4 Pagespeople because they were a part of a state that did not care to fix the issues that their urban cities were facing every day. Countless of individuals were filled with so much anger and loss of hope for a better future. In the 1960s, Los Angeles had very few neighborhoods that African Americans were â€Å"allowed† to live in. Watts progressively became a neighborhood of black poverty surrounded by middle class white suburbs. Watts was a tense area with high unemployment and little opportunity to succeedRead MoreThe Roles of a Counselor2069 Words   |  9 Pagesconflicts, or emotional crises. These individuals/students learn to guide patients to improved mental health. They also learn counseling and interviewing skills in addition to observational and testing methods. Mental Health counseling has become a wide area of study that is highly recommended to those who are unbalanced and in need of support. Today, clinical mental health counselors take on many responsibilities when giving services to their clients. Effective clinical mental health counselors acknowledgeRead MoreThes Middle Range Nursing Theory1101 Words   |  5 Pagespaper presents an analysis of Kolcaba’s middle range nursing theory, comfort theory (CT), using the method delineated by Meleis (2012). The nature of CT and its conformity to established standards are examined with regard to the following categories: the theorist, paradigmatic origins, and internal dimensions. This paper includes elements of a previous critique of the CT, conducted as part of the knowledge and theory development in nursing course at Georgia Baptist College of Nursing of Mercer UniversityRead MoreThe Concept Of Patient Needs Using Murrays Theory Of Human Press1438 Words   |  6 Pagestools she developed include a Verbal Rating Scale Questionnaire, the Radiation Therapy Comfort Questionnair e, the Hospice Comfort Questionnaire, the Urinary Incontinence and Frequency Comfort Questionnaire, and the Comfort Behaviors Checklist. One area of concern is Kolcaba set alpha at 0.1 for significance if interventions have no negative side effects, rather than the convention of alpha less than 0.05, citing Lipsey (1990). Although all interventions have potential for negative side effects,

The Rise Of Communism During Great Industrial Change

The rise of Communism came about during great industrial change. Karl Marx and Leo Tolstoy wrote during a period where large industrial cities were expanding and where a great number of the working class was living in poverty. These two factors were what really shaped their writings and views on Democracy vs. Communism. Both writers felt a strong pull towards a communistic government in order to create harmony and demolish social classes, which was putting people in great poverty. Karl Marx believed history to be a tale in which the oppressed are fighting the oppressor. The victory of either would pave the way for a future freedom in that society. This mindset led him to distinguish the Bourgeoisie and the Proletariat classes. The Bourgeoisie was the higher class who owned land and the Proletariat class was the lower industrial working class. The discord came about because the Bourgeoisie relentlessly exploited the Proletariat class. All the labor done by the working class was just t aken advantage of by the upper class. For example, a factory worker would get paid two dollars to make a yard of cloth. The capitalist would sell that yard of cloth for five dollars so that he could make a profit. The worker in no way benefits form the added value of the cloth, nor the fruits from his labor. He is made to be less of an individual and more of just a number. There is no individuality to his work if he is just pulling a lever all day. Marx believed in Communism because the seedShow MoreRelatedCommunism And Its Impact On The World1583 Words   |  7 PagesCommunism is a system of social organisation which formerly consumed almost a third of countries in the entire world, having originated in Russia. The first official communist state was founded during the Russian revolutions in 1917, due to the inaugural communist political party ‘Bolsheviks’ gaining primal power. Afterwards, the influence of communism spread to other countries with the likes of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia and East Germany to name a few. These countries that were governed on communistRead MoreCommunism Of The Vietnam War And The Cold War1181 Words   |  5 PagesCommunism is an ideology that has a very long history more than one-third of the globe. This ideology is followed by Russia, Cuba, Laos, China, North Korea, and Vietnam. This ideology is the source of many revolutions and conflicts throughout the history likes the English Civil War, the Bolshevik Revolution, the Vietnam War, the Korea War and the Cold War. However, what makes Communism different from other ideologies is its origin, its policy, and its effects on the poor and the working class. CommunismRead MoreThe Civil War And Reconstruction1357 Words   |  6 Pagesstrategic due to their locations in their respective regions. Therefore, by establishing a presence in Puerto Rico and the Philippines, the US gained entrance to the other countries in the region. Moreover, Spain had been considered a naval power during the 19th century; however, the victory by the US signaled the emergence of a new military force in the world. Roosevelt Corollary - The Roosevelt Corollary was issued by Theodore Roosevelt in 1904. The doctrine warns the European powers about interveningRead MoreChinas Survival of Crisis Due to Economic Reforms Essay1007 Words   |  5 Pages1976, many unwise policies were carried out which brought China into a crisis of communism, or a state in which communism was threatened. The Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution were specifically the main causes of the crisis of communism and the mastermind between these two movements, Mao Zedong, can be held responsible for their initiation. The Great Leap Forward was a great economic failure. Years of famine and intense suffering came about as a result ofRead MoreThe Manifesto Of The Communist Party Essay1526 Words   |  7 PagesMarxism itself is known as the main philosophy around Communism and has been adopted by some systems of government and society throughout history. Karl Marx was a German philosopher, economist, sociologist, and political revolutionary. When Karl Marx moved to Paris in 1843, he met Engels and together they both worked on several essays. However, Marx and Engels are best known for their revolutionary writings around the concept of Communism. Marx attained his primary intellectual influences fromRead MoreEmergence of the Modern World1842 Words   |  7 Pagesliterature. Europes overland trade routes to the East had been blocked by 14th century due to the disintegration of the Mongol empire and the expansion of the Ottoman Empire. Thus began the Age of Discovery with the search for new trade routes, the rise of merchant capitalism, and the desire to exploit the potential of a global economy (exploration, 2012). Several voyages were initiated along the African coast by Henry the Navigator that facilitated in the diffusion of the false notions and propagandaRead MoreIndustrial Revolution Essay1051 Words   |  5 PagesAs the Industrial Revolution took place, many drastic changes†¦ technological, social, economic, and cultural also occurred. The Industrial Age brought about a new order that gave rise to the world of skyscrapers, factories of mass-production, and electronic devices that we are accustomed to today. The everyday lives of ordinary people underwent a dramatic change for the better. Before the Industrial Age, people lived very simple a nd hardworking lives. Any food or clothing they had was produced byRead MoreThe United States and the Ideals of Freedom Essay933 Words   |  4 Pagesthe United States. During this modern era, the US had certain periods of time that lived up to the ideals of freedom such as the Gilded Age. In opposition, the US has also had periods of time where our ideals of freedom failed to meet the requirements of our nation, a prime example being the late 1940s when the US entered the Cold War and led to the anti-communism period of McCarthyism which ultimately restricted freedoms. Historical moments like these have made monumental changes to our nation’s historyRead MoreApplied Marxism Essay1234 Words   |  5 Pagesactions of society incorrectly. Marx uses history to explain what needs to happen in the future, his interpretation of human nature is more accurate. Marx decides to write the Communist Manifesto to apply Marxism for Communism is only applied Marxism. The Manifesto gives a summary of Communism so that it can be better understood and can be applied. Marx explains the history of classes and often states that the Liberalist view is incorrect in their studies, Marx’s theories are more accurate and provideRead MoreRussi An Extraordinary Outburst Of Social And Cultural Change877 Words   |  4 Pagesthe world, is a great feat in itself. Over time Russia developed their social climate, economic system, military power and efficiency, as well as infrastructure. Today, I will be discussing how their military, political views, economics, social views, infrastructure and physical environment all relate together and has enhanced Russia’s ability to stay a powerhouse. Russia has been around since 800 b.c. and has seen the rise and fall of many bad leaders as well as the rise and fall of many

Huck Finn Opposition to Racism Free Essays

string(129) " person who as uneducated as he is, consistently cares for others, is loyal to his friendships, and feels guilt in his mistakes\." Megan Patton John Rohrkemper February 28, 2010 American Lit Exposing the Racist, Opposing Racism Since its original publication in 1884, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has proven to be one of the most controversial when it comes to the reoccurring issue of race in American society. Many argue that Mark Twain held the racist ideals that most people had in the 1830’s, while others know that Twain was a social satirist, mocking the ignorance of society. In order to be considered a racist novel Huck Finn would have to advocate racism. We will write a custom essay sample on Huck Finn: Opposition to Racism or any similar topic only for you Order Now The evidence thus far has lead me to believe that The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn promotes a strong set of antiracist ethical values as the main character, Jim, a runaway slave is displayed as the best, most honorable character, while other white characters are depicted as ignorant and self centered, lacking ethical reasoning. The immorality of racism is periodically satirized throughout the novel. The unethical thinking of the time period of slavery is an issue that Twain recognizes, mocks, and clearly presents his opposition toward. One of the main concerns consistently brought up by those who argue that Twain is racist is that simply based on the dialogue and use of the word â€Å"nigger,† Twain is being insensitive toward blacks. He must be a racist if he is using such a derogatory term. However, they fail to realize that he is telling a story how it would have happened and he avoids beating around the bush in order to lay out the reality of the time period when people engaged in such communication. Justin Kaplan uses powerful words on the matter when he questions people who have â€Å"allowed him or herself even the barest minimum of intelligent response to its underlying spirit† (378) and still â€Å"accuse it of being racist because some of its characters use offensive racial epithets† (378). On the surface, this can easily be detected as racism but when taking a look at particular circumstances of ignorance, Huck’s internal battling experiences, and satiric element, the intent is clear. Jim, one of the main characters of the novel, is undoubtedly the most moral character in the novel. Julius Lester argues in his piece â€Å"Morality in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† that Jim is a â€Å"childlike character† and is not taken seriously since he â€Å"runs away and does not immediately seek his freedom† (365). However, Jim has been brought up in a time where he himself feels some sort of inferiority complex to whites in society. Lester is partially correct in his philosophy that Jim is childlike, but wrong in the idea that this is a negative aspect of his character. His â€Å"childlike† quality characterizes his humility, nobility, and kindness. He is much more one of the wiser characters in the novel as he recognizes the mistakes he has made and even expresses his guilt to Huck. He tells Huck a story about a time when he asked his four year old daughter to â€Å"’Shut de do’ â€Å"(154) and she just stood there smiling at him, deaf to the fact that her father was instructing her to shut the door. Since he did not realize she had scarlet fever and had grown deaf, he beat her for her disobedience. When he realized that she was deaf, he â€Å"bust out cryin’ en grab her up in [his] arms, and say â€Å"’Oh, de po’ little thing! De Lord God almighty fogive po ol Jim’†(155) After beating his daughter, he realizes that what he did is wrong. He learns from his mistakes and asked for forgiveness from God who he believes is all powerful with the power to forgive man of his sins. In this scene Jim demonstrates wisdom. He takes what he knows, puts it to use, and repents. While he may not be the most educated character in the novel, he seems to have the most caring attitude based on the principles he has learned. According to Bennett Kravitz, Jim is â€Å"portrayed as noble, loyal, and the ultimate friend and family man. On the contrary to his ‘’childlike† trait that Lester believes Jim has, he is actually a father and acts much more like a caregiver. In a scene where Huck plays a trick on Jim, Jim grows seriously worried for Huck’s life. He even announces after an angry rant that Huck scared him half to death, that â€Å"my heart wuz mos’ broke bekase you wuz los†™, en I didn’t k’yer no mo’ what become er me en de raf’†(99). He goes on to express how he was so excited to see Huck alive that tears almost came. This is a critical point in the novel, for it is the first time the friendship of Huck and Jim is revealed by one of the characters themselves. Of course, Jim being the gentle person he is, is the first one to call this relationship a friendship. Besides becoming worried over what he thought was the loss of his friend Huck, Jim shows his care giving qualities towards the end of the novel when he stays behind to help nurse Tom back to health. Jim bases his actions on what he thinks Tom Sawyer would do in the situation and insists n getting a doctor. His persistence is so strong that he says, â€Å"’I doan budge a step out’n dis place,’ dout a doctor: not if it’s forty year! ’(249). † Upon the doctor’s arrival, Jim comes out of hiding and aids the doctor, knowing that he will be recaptured. Not only is he being a concerned care giving man, but Jim is risking his freedom for a person he barely knows. He has that father like instinct that Julius Lester seems to have missed. It is the other characters in the novel who demonstrate weak ethical values. Many of the characters who have racist credentials are portrayed as lowly, immoral, and uneducated. They rarely show remorse and are entirely self-centered. On the other hand, Jim is an easygoing, loving person who as uneducated as he is, consistently cares for others, is loyal to his friendships, and feels guilt in his mistakes. You read "Huck Finn: Opposition to Racism" in category "Essay examples" After being visually described as having â€Å"been drunk over in town and [laying] in the gutter all night,† (52) Pap goes on to find fault in the government for not only taking away his son, but for allowing a â€Å"nigger† from Ohio to become a professor. Ironically, Pap thinks he is superior to a highly educated man who â€Å"could talk all kinds of languages, and knowed everything† (52) and is angry with the government for allowing a â€Å"nigger† to teach. He is so wrapped up in the skin color that he does not realize his own faults and idiocy. Additionally, Pap is quite the opposite of Jim who loves his family, articulates his longing to be with them as well as his guilt for beating his daughter. Pap came back into Huck’s life demanding the money he received in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, not because he loved Huck and wanted to be more involved in his life. He does not have a care in the world for Huck, his only son. When finally Pap kidnaps Huck and has the chance to develop that father, son relationship, he locks him in a cabin while he goes out and gets wasted, and when he returns, Pap beats the boy. In Huck’s words Pap â€Å"got too handy with his hick’ry and I couldn’t stand it. Welts all over† (50). Incongruously to Jim’s remorse, Pap is not phased by his wrongdoing. Twain certainly did this on purpose. The racism held by Huck’s father, as well as many other Americans preceding the Civil War when blacks and other minorities were seen as inferiors, is displayed throughout the novel. Through the constant use of the derogatory term â€Å"nigger† and the maltreatment of Jim as well as other blacks and slaves, Twain is able to illustrate society’s ignorance. This way, as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is taught throughout the country, young people, or any person for that matter can see the veracity and severity of racist attitudes. Pap is not the only character in the novel who displays a loose set of moral values. The escapade with the Duke and the Dauphin is another encounter in the novel where whites are displayed as weak, self centered people who are blindly racist. Twain uses their constant conniving deeds to show a diversity of white characters in this society as horrible people. In Justin Kaplan’s â€Å"Born To Trouble: 100 Years of Huckleberry Finn†, he describes Jim and Huck being on the run because of a â€Å"nightmare society driven by bigotry, violence, exploitation, greed, and ignorance (379)† These words are perfect in describing the Duke and the Dauphin as they move from town to town tricking people out of their money. In one particular scenario, it is not even possible to feel sorry for the townspeople who are getting tricked out of their money because then they go and act like the â€Å"play† was great so that everyone else in the town gets tricked out of their money as well. Along with Pap, the Duke, and the Dauphin are the â€Å"religious† characters who seem to have it all together but definitely do not. By displaying even the â€Å"best of the best† characters with racist attitudes, Twain shows how it was society as a whole who held racist ideals, not just the lowlife criminal types. An example of a character that seems to have herself together is Ms. Watson. She is supposed to be a smart, religious, good-intending family woman. Even the good woman who took Huck into her home to raise him â€Å"sivilized† has flaws. While in the end she is the one to grant Jim his freedom, preceding this she put her selfish desires for money ahead of Jim and though he was her slave, Jim was someone she had known for quite a while. To Jim’s knowledge, he was someone she cared about on some level even if she did not see him as an equal. Jim overheard Ms. Watson talking about selling Jim â€Å"down the river,† which is the very reason he ran away. Another supposedly wholesome, good intending character is Aunt Sally. When Huck first meets Aunt Sally he describes an accident on the boat he was traveling on. Aunt Sally exclaims â€Å"Good Gracious! Anybody hurt? † to which Huck replies No’m Killed a nigger† (206). Sadly, this quote is often seen as racist but in actuality it contains a very satirical element and according to Kaplan is â€Å"a frequently, brutal, painful realism† (379). The novel is simply showing the corruption of the adult world. Peaches Henry argues that â€Å"In order to believe in Twain’s satirical intention, one has to believe in Huck’s good faith toward Jim† (390). It is easy to identify Huck’s good faith toward Jim throughout the novel. Aside from the idiocy of a majority of characters, Huck’s internal battles with himself throughout the novel demonstrate Mark Twain’s antiracist beliefs. Though Huck, in his conscience believes blacks to be worthless, his somewhat naive personality and â€Å"conscience† can be blamed. He has been spoon-fed everything he knows about Africans by a society which has enslaved them and had a superior attitude towards them. It is a tough situation to examine, as by today’s standards slavery is seen by the overwhelming majority of American citizens as morally wrong, but in Huck’s time and place the majority saw it as the natural order of things. However, despite his upbringings and learned racism, Huck periodically has instances where he believes Jim â€Å"seems white† or, in other words, seems to be like any other human with feelings, emotions, and close family relations. Earlier, in a moment where Jim shows his care giving qualities, Huck shows one of his first signs of affection toward â€Å"a nigger. † He shows his first signs of remorse as he apologizes to Jim. Though he does mention â€Å"it was fifteen minutes before I would work myself up to go and humble myself to nigger† (100)† Huck does apologize, feels remorse, and admits to the audience that what he did â€Å"made [him] feel mean† (99). The second time Huck has a moment of realization about Jim that surprises him is when Jim talks about his family. When Jim goes on to describe them, and the regret he had for beating his daughter for something she didn’t deserve, Huck sees something in Jim that he had probably had been taught that blacks did not posses. He was probably taught that they did not have feelings. He realizes in this moment that Jim must have feelings and therefore makes that statement that Jim is â€Å"white inside. † Additionally, in the moment earlier discussed in Tom’s injured state where Jim uses logic to decide on calling a doctor, Huck states, â€Å"I knowed he was white inside, and I reckoned he’d say what he did say – so it was alright, now. † The most climactic moment in the novel is the ultimate battle Huck faces when he is forced to choose between the societal values he has been taught and raised to believe is right or to help Jim which he feels in his heart is the right thing to do. Huck has been raised to believe that blacks were uneducated, inferior, and most certainly not people to become friends with. For all Huck knew, blacks were placed on the earth to work and lacked the ability to love and care. Huck definitely believed that aiding a black man in an escape would send him to hell. This moment directly indicates how foolish Twain believed the people of the time period to be. Huck states, â€Å"I was trembling, because I’d got to decide forever betwixt two things, and I knowed it. I studied a minute, sort of holding my breath, and then says to myself: ‘All right, then, I’ll go to hell’ –and tore it up. † By this point in the novel, through their adventures and development of friendship, Huck is willing to risk eternity in hell to save his friend. Surely, even if he may not admit that he and Jim were friends, someone would not risk their lives for a stranger, or even an acquaintance. Not only does Huck begin to see Jim as an equal in his heart, though it may not be in his â€Å"conscience†, he is also constantly seeing how awful society is. In order to detect racism there must be a middle step of realization that ill treatment of people based on their skin color is wrong. In order to see that this is wrong, it is important to notice the problems within society to begin with. In his experience with the Duke and Dauphin, Huck witnesses their tar and feathering, another cruel punishment by society, and states that, â€Å"It was enough to make a body ashamed of the human race† (160). The fact that Huck even acknowledges a problem in the human race would not have been part of the story if Twain had agreed with society’s view on slavery. It demonstrates his antiracist approach. One of the purposes of the novel is for the reader to develop sympathy towards Jim. Because the people around him lack morals while he consistently shows a moral and accepting view towards life, his character develops superiorly to the rest of society despite his lack of education. His lack of education exists because of Twain’s realist approach to the novel. People like Julius Lester and Peaches Henry who believe the novel to be racist, are only looking at the surface and the degrading dialogue. The novel was not made to be politically correct. â€Å"Twain takes issue with the major racial theories of his day, and those critics who are convinced only of the racist potential of the text and/or Mark Twain would do well to examine the â€Å"unsaid† of the text. †(Kravitz) If it was rewritten to appease the masses and use more accepted terms for today’s day and age, reality would be misrepresented, race would cease to be an issue, and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn would not exist as one the greatest pieces of American Literature. How to cite Huck Finn: Opposition to Racism, Essay examples

Cultural and Social Diversity in Health Care

Questions: The essay is required to consider the following in comparing and critically analysing the two groups:1. Current and historical events and how they have impacted on known risk factors in each cultural group2. How health care policies and service provision have influenced health outcomes for each cultural group Answers: The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and the Pakistanis in Hong Kong are culturally diverse groups facing similar issues post and pre-colonization. The government of both the countries has taken many steps to end the social issues that they face. However, they continue to face issues pertaining to social exclusion, social discrimination, and social violence. In this essay, we shall discuss and compare these culturally diverse groups by analysing their current and historical past and the way they have affected their risk factors. Additionally, the essay shall also discuss the health care policies, service provision, and the way it has influenced the culturally diverse groups. To understand and appreciate the existing realities of Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islander Australians, their historical background needs to be understood. Recently, there has been a change of Indigenous culture and kinds of creative expression and a reclaiming and reconnection of cultural life. Indigenous Australians have different identity, traditions, and histories. After the British had come into the continent of Australia, they declared it the no man land and took immediate possession of the land (Read Broome, 2013). Initially, the indigenous Australians were treated as salvages and most of them were massacred Most of them lost their lives and were forbidden to practice any cultural rituals. After generations had been oppressed, finally reconciliation happened. The reconciliation took place in the form of incorporation of rights of the indigenous people. Colonization had a very powerful impact on the indigenous Australians. The foreign inhabitants exposed them to diseases su ch as measles, tuberculosis, and smallpox. This change made the inhabitants dependent on the foreign intruder for food, medicines, and hunting (Mercer et al., 2014). The contemporary issues of indigenous Australians are linked with their historical issues. One of the most important impacts colonization had on the aboriginals is the loss of Aboriginal families and children. This led to stolen generations, as most of the families lost their children due to death or displacement of their families by the foreign intruders. Such deaths were deliberate, and it had the profound effect on the emotional and social well-being of indigenous children in Australia (Read Broome, 2013). This led to issues related to Aboriginal identity as it became difficult to identify the children who were part of the indigenous community. Descent is about knowing and belonging to one particular place and person. This gives a sense of belongingness amongst people, however, in the recent days, the aboriginals find it difficult to relate to their indigenous people due to the displacement that had taken place in the past (Law Lee, 2012). As per the Overcoming Indigenous Disadv antage report, are indigenous Australians are the most disadvantaged section in Australia. The life expectancy of Indigenous Australians is around 9.7 to 11.5 years lower than that of other Australians. The average income of indigenous Australians is lower than other groups, and homicide death rates are six times higher than that of other Australians. Similar to the Australian history, Hong Kong has also gone to through the period of colonization. The only difference is that the British invaders did not see this place as part of an unclaimed land. The history of ethnic minorities in Hong Kong can be traced back to the time when the British invaders instead of establishing assimilation policy, exercised a more oppressive policy on the Pakistanis to keep them under control (Read Broome, 2013). The Pakistanis first settled in Hong Kong in the 19th century when frequent trading existed between India and China (Law Lee, 2012). The British traders used Chinese waters for transportation and at the same time, they used the Hong Kong port. The fleets usually comprised of people from Pakistan. As times passed by, the Pakistanis ship merchants settled together in Hong Kong without proper accommodation, and somehow they were able to settle their lives near the Moro Koi area. However, due to the mistrust on the local Chinese, the British bro ught in the South Asians to safeguard the Hong Kong China Border from Indian invasions. The Pakistanis in Hong Kong lived for many years. However, they were never granted any citizen rights. They were exposed to open discrimination. Recently, Pakistanis in Hong Kong mostly reside in the area of Kowloon. In the year 2006, about 98 percent of Pakistanis live in Hong Kong as normal residents of Hong Kong, and it has been more than nine years that they have already been residing as normal residents of Hong Kong. However, they faced difficulties in finding accommodation in the initial days, but now they form as one of the most important part of the Hong Kong population (Gu Patkin, 2013). Hong Kong-born Pakistanis can speak well Cantonese and they have been able to integrate well into the society. However, they face employment issues as the original inhabitants of Hong Kong continue to get more preference over others. Additionally, Pakistanis also face issues related to ethnicity, communication, and identity (Guldin, 2013). If a comparative study is drawn between Aboriginal Australians and Pakistanis in Hong Kong many similarities and differences, exist between the two communities. For example, both Hong Kong and Australian aboriginals share visible traits that differentiate them from other groups. Both the groups are self-conscious about their cultural difference and social status and both the groups experience a certain kind of inequality or disadvantage (Gu Patkin, 2013). However, there are differences between the existing policies in Australia for indigenous Australians and ethnic minorities in Hong Kong. Though the basic policies remain the same, the differences prevail in the impact of colonization on Hong Kong and Australia. For example, in Hong Kong, the transportation system was improved, and the infrastructure of the country showed improvements post colonization (Read Broome, 2013). However, in Australia colonization did not show many improvements in the demographics, transportation and infr astructure of the country. This made the aboriginals Australians much backward, as a country, as compared to other countries. Both the ethnic minorities in Hong Kong and Australian aboriginals face issues related to discrimination, social exclusion, and social inequality. In Hong Kong, Pakistani women live in fear that when her husband is charged with any crime, then she may face issues of discrimination by other Hong Kong nationals who may accuse them of not belonging to the country (Read Broome, 2013). Pakistanis face not only ethical issues but also religious issues. In Australia, the aboriginals also undergo social problems such as social ignorance and discrimination based on their origin. The government has formulated many policies and programs so that they are acknowledged for their and can avail their rights and freedoms easily. In Australia, the Commonwealth Government, ATSIC, and Reconciliation Australia work together to discuss and promote the issues relating to self-dete rmination in relation to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. In Hong Kong, similar policies have been formulated where there is an expectation that in the coming years the discrimination shall decrease. The healthcare policies and service provision have influenced the health outcomes for these two cultural groups. The underprivileged health status of Aboriginal and Torres Islander peoples is a recognized fact (Tonsing, 2013). Governments of all influences have made obligations to deal with these circumstances over a prolonged period, convoyed with incremental financial support. The government has made detailed strategies together with national frameworks that have been developed by engaging the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, which evidently reveal the need for a comprehensive approach to deal with the complex health issues and other social determinants of these populations. Governments have recognized that they have been unsuccessful in the past to address the needs of the Aboriginal and Torres Islander peoples regarding health service provision (Chamberlain et al., 2016). On the other hand, for Pakistanis in Hong Kong, there is a prohibition made by the Race Discrimination Ordinance (RDO) regarding the discrimination or unfairness in accessing healthcare (Reeve et al., 2015). However, the government has introduced several measures that aim to dress the barriers of language, the efficacy of measures have been reported to be doubtful because of the inconsistent information from the departments of Government or National Government organizations (NGOs) along with the user groups and the representatives associated with them. In 2009, the government to assist the ethnic priorities in gaining access to the public services had launched a telephonic interpretation service. Centre for Harmony and Enhancement of Ethnic Minority Residents (CHEFR) runs the services and is sponsored by the Department of Home Affairs (Freeman et al., 2014). The healthcare policies and service provisions since colonization have a profound and long-term impact on the lives of the Indigenous people in Australia individually and in a group (Jayaraman Joseph, 2013). Several of the previous policies and service provisions have had a harmful effect on the emotional, health and social wellbeing as well as the survival of the Indigenous populations. It also has limited their ability to direct and manage their future development (Durey et al., 2016). A number of commissions, evaluations and inquiries have scrutinized the impact of the previous policies that were intended for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People and communities. Several of these have persuaded the response to the severe health as well as mental health inequalities between the Indigenous Australians and the Non-Indigenous Australians. "The reports such as The Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody report" and "Evaluation of the Emotional and Social Well Being A ction Plan" have made a contribution to the development of a strategic framework and national action plans (Erni Leung, 2014). On the other hand, in Hong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government (HKSARG), which has mainly a "Color Blind" outlook towards the issues of racial discrimination, has made an anti-racial policy against discrimination and it has been opposed to introducing the Racial Discrimination Bill (Chamberlain et al., 2016). However, in the public sector, the Bill of Rights Ordinance (BRO) has prohibited racial discrimination, since the year 1991. It is an efficient tool, since the Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC) possess no authority to make obligatory the BRO or to look for complaints under it The Hong Kong LegCo ratified the RDO in the year 2008, but the enforcement of the RDO has been extensively criticized as challenging (Durey et al., 2016). For instance, RDO does not completely cover all the activity of the government such as those linked to the correctional service police, and immigration remains protected. RDO is applied for getting admissions in school, but it is not en closed whether the success or failure for utilizing a particular alteration could lead towards the act of discrimination. There is no inclusive official reporting of data, which reveals the health status of diverse groups of Pakistanis (ethnic minorities) in Hong Kong. Moreover, there is a limited investigation concerning the Pakistanis in Hong Kong that is principally conducted by the academics or NGOs. There is simply small information regarding the health issue of the Pakistanis living in Hong Kong (Otim et al., 2014). However, the Government confesses that in Hong Kong, racial discrimination is a problem. The administrators have not done enormously to legitimate the policies and service provisions against racial discrimination. For HKSARG, education is more efficient in comparison with legislation. There is no explanation regarding the reasons of not legitimating the policies against the problem of racial discrimination. To a certain level, the opposition by business sector is a cause. Several capitalists are worried that the legislation will make threats to the competitive capability of Hong Kong (Otim et al., 2014). Another reason is that since the Pakistanis are new immigrants, they can provide a market for cheap labor and due to this the exploitation might come to an end. Even though there are special services of interpretation, the existing services of healthcare are not successful to acknowledge the social and cultural differences between the natives of Hong Kong and the Pakistanis living in Hong Kong. They are treated as homogenous populaces that lead to an inappropriate overview, unmet needs, and inappropriate management of health (Reeve et al., 2015). There is a shortage of services, which are specifically catered for the ethnic minorities under their healthcare system. According to a local study, the preponderance of ethnic minorities has faced difficulties in accessing health education, health information, and services of health care (Erni Leung, 2014). If a comparative study is drawn between the Aboriginal Australians and Pakistanis in Hong Kong, several similarities and differences can be observed in these two communities with respect to the influence of the healthcare policies and service provision (Otim et al., 2014). For both the communities, the policies and service provision have not played a significant role in improving the health outcomes and quality of life of the individuals belonging to these communities. Governments have recognized that they have been unsuccessful in the past to address the needs of the Aboriginal and Torres Islander peoples regarding health service provision. However, the Government confesses that in Hong Kong, racial discrimination is a problem. The administrators have not done enormously to legitimate the policies and service provisions against racial discrimination (Jayaraman Joseph, 2013). In the end, it can be concluded that by analyzing the current and historical events and their impact on the known risk factors in each cultural group have revealed the socio-economic status and health outcomes of these two communities, which have not improved despite all the efforts made by the Government. The Government needs to legitimate the policies and service provision so that the unnecessary things should be prohibited and the individuals belonging to these two communities should live their lives successfully in an efficient manner, as it is also the need of the hour. References Bennett, S. T., Babbage, D. R. (2014). Cultural adaptation of CBT for Aboriginal Australians.Australian Psychologist,49(1), 19-21. Browne-Yung, K., Ziersch, A., Baum, F., Gallaher, G. (2013). Aboriginal Australians' experience of social capital and its relevance to health and wellbeing in urban settings.Social Science Medicine,97, 20-28. Chamberlain, C. R., MacLean, S., Bawden, G., Kelaher, M., Munro-Harrison, E., Boyle, J., Freeman, K. (2016). An equitydomain could strengthen the utility of a framework for assessing care coordination for Australian Aboriginal families.International Journal of Care Coordination, 2053434516657497. Crabtree, S. A., Wong, H. (2013). Ah Cha! The Racial Discrimination of Pakistani Minority Communities in Hong Kong: An Analysis of Multiple, Intersecting Oppressions.British Journal of Social Work,43(5), 945-963. Durey, A., McEvoy, S., Swift-Otero, V., Taylor, K., Katzenellenbogen, J., Bessarab, D. (2016). Improving healthcare for Aboriginal Australians through effective engagement between community and health services.BMC Health Services Research,16(1), 1. Erni, J. N., Leung, L. Y. M. (2014).Understanding South Asian Minorities in Hong Kong(Vol. 1). Hong Kong University Press. Freeman, T., Edwards, T., Baum, F., Lawless, A., Jolley, G., Javanparast, S., Francis, T. (2014). Cultural respect strategies in Australian Aboriginal primary health care services: beyond education and training of practitioners.Australian and New Zealand journal of public health,38(4), 355-361. Gu, M. M., Patkin, J. (2013). Heritage and identity: Ethnic minority students from South Asia in Hong Kong.Linguistics and Education,24(2), 131-141. Guldin, G. E. (2013). Hong Kong ethnicity: Of folk models and change.Evans and Tam, eds., Hong Kong, 25-50. Jayaraman, J., Joseph, K. S. (2013). Determinants of place of death: a population-based retrospective cohort study.BMC palliative care,12(1), 1. Law, K. Y., Lee, K. M. (2012). The myth of multiculturalism in Asia's world city: Incomprehensive policies for ethnic minorities in Hong Kong.Journal of Asian Public Policy,5(1), 117-134. Mercer, C., Byrth, J., Jordan, Z. (2014). The experiences of Aboriginal health workers and non Aboriginal health professionals working collaboratively in the delivery of health care to Aboriginal Australians: a systematic review.JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports,12(3), 234-418. Otim, M. E., Kelaher, M., Anderson, I. P., Doran, C. M. (2014). Priority setting in Indigenous health: assessing priority setting process and criteria that should guide the health system to improve Indigenous Australian health.International journal for equity in health,13(1), 1. Read, P., Broome, R. (2013). Aboriginal Australians: A History since 1788. Reeve, C., Humphreys, J., Wakerman, J., Carroll, V., Carter, M., O'Brien, T., ... Smith, B. (2015). Community participation in health service reform: the development of an innovative remote Aboriginal primary health-care service.Australian journal of primary health,21(4), 409-416. Tonsing, K. N. (2013). The acculturation experiences and adaptation of Pakistanis and Nepalese in Hong Kong.HKU Theses Online (HKUTO).

Polymerase Chain Reaction free essay sample

Polymerase chain reaction The Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a biochemical technology in molecular biology to amplify a single or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence. Developed in 1983 by Kary Mullis, PCR is now a common and often indispensable technique used in medical and biological research labs for a variety of applications.These include DNA cloning for sequencing, DNA-based phylogeny, or functional analysis of genes; the diagnosis of hereditary diseases; the identification of genetic fingerprints (used in forensic sciences and paternity testing); and the detection and diagnosis of infectious diseases. In 1993, Mullis was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Michael Smith for his work on PCR. The method relies on thermal cycling, consisting of cycles of repeated heating and cooling of the reaction for DNA melting and enzymatic replication of the DNA. We will write a custom essay sample on Polymerase Chain Reaction or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Primers (short DNA fragments) containing sequences complementary to the target region along with a DNA polymerase (after which the method is named) are key components to enable selective and repeated amplification. As PCR progresses, the DNA generated is itself used as a template for replication, setting in motion a chain reaction in which the DNA template is exponentially amplified. PCR can be extensively modified to perform a wide array of genetic manipulations. Almost all PCR applications employ a heat-stable DNA polymerase, such as Taq polymerase, an enzyme originally isolated from the bacterium Thermus aquaticus.This DNA polymerase enzymatically assembles a new DNA strand from DNA building-blocks, the nucleotides, by using single-stranded DNA as a template and DNA oligonucleotides (also called DNA primers), which are required for initiation of DNA synthesis. The vast majority of PCR methods use thermal cycling, i. e. , alternately heating and cooling the PCR sample to a defined series of temperature steps. These thermal cycling steps are necessary first to physically separate the two strands in a DNA double helix at a high temperature in a process called DNA melting.At a lower temperature, each strand is then used as thetemplate in DNA synthesis by the DNA polymerase to selectively amplify the target DNA. The selectivity of PCR results from the use of primers that are complementary to the DNA region targeted for amplification under specific thermal cycling conditions. PCR principles and procedure PCR is used to amplify a specific region of a DNA strand (the DNA target). Most PCR methods typically amplify DNA fragments of up to ~10 kilo base pairs (kb), although some techniques allow for amplification of fragments up to 40 kb in size.

Organizational Behavior

Organizational Behavior Free Online Research Papers Organizational behavior is the study of how people, individuals and groups act or behave in different structures or cultures of an organization. Organizational behavior seeks and identifies factors that are necessary for a company to become effective and more efficient over the competitor. Factors that determine one company’s success over another company in the same industry, includes valuing diversity, ongoing organizational learning and effective communication. Organizational culture is the personality of a company; a company’s culture consists of shared beliefs which shape the organization. The values, assumptions, standards, and tangible signs of the organization’s members, make up the culture of an organization. An organization’s culture can be recognized by looking at the arrangement of its furniture, or by looking at person’s employed by the organization, or by what the members of the organization wear. Our company culture can be recognized by the viewing public as one who has a high turnover rate of employees. The executives constantly reorganize and restructure the company. During these periods, persons are offered separation packages, positions are made redundant and others are fired. Only those persons that are highly skilled and knowledgeable about the industry have remained. This culture according to McNamara (1999) is known as a Fortress culture, a culture of which employees do not know when it wi ll be their last day on the job. This culture to some appears quite daunting, however; it has its advantages. Persons that are highly skilled are quickly promoted to the top without regard for seniority. Workplace diversity is the variety among people based on gender, race, ethnicity, age, family status, sexual orientation, religion and physical appearance. Valuing diversity is a core topic of organizational behavior. In an ideal world all persons within an organization are treated equal when it comes to hiring and promotions in the workplace, however; in reality discrimination still exist. Acknowledging diversity in the workplace is very crucial, as there are other races, other voices and other ways of seeing things and solving problems while functioning as a team. Diversity is not valued within our organization. Some persons within our organization are promoted and hired based on their gender and physical appearance. For example, our company has a greeter/ hostess in our reception area. This greeter/hostess is a part of the hospitality team. The primary purpose of the hospitality team is to make the customer feel welcomed, comfortable and wanted by our organization. The greete r/hostess has to have a certain physical appearance. All greeters are females, fair skinned, slim built with beautiful features. Discrimination based on features such as attractive or unattractive appearance results in special preferences for those blessed with certain attributes and penalties for persons failing to measure up to the given standards. Communication is an active process of exchanging information and thoughts. Communication involves a source and a recipient that encodes and decodes the intended message. The encoding process involves interpreting an idea into a message which is spoken, non-spoken (signaled) or written. The different channels of communication includes face-to-face, electronic mails, post mails, voice mails or by way of telephone. Communication in our company is primarily channeled through electronic mail. Our interoffice memos are transmitted electronically. The administrative staff corresponds to the agency staff also through emails. Before emails were implemented at our company the company’s messenger would deliver written mails to the agency staff. Now the process is much more expeditious and efficient. An example of the communication process within our organization is as follow: An underwriter’s primary job is to assess and classify the risk of an applicant. An electronic ap plication is sent directly to the underwriter by the agent (the source). The underwriter (the recipient) receives the application assess the risk and determine if additional medical requirements are needed in order to classify the risk. If additional documents are required, the underwriter responds (feedback) electronically letting the agent knows what is needed for the applicant to be issued a contract. The agent seeks out the additional requirement and returns it electronically to the underwriter for processing. Organizational effectiveness is the level in which a company attains its goals. According to Schermerhorn, Hunt, Osborn (2005) an organization’s efficiency is measure by the number of resources needed to produce a good, which is also known as the internal process approach. Our company measures its effectiveness by setting a target profit margin. Each agency force has an assigned target and each agent within an agency has an individual assigned goal. Each agency force assigned quota makes up the overall target. The executive team monitors the company’s progress on a monthly basis. Visits are made and progress/production reports are drafted to show the percentage of quota attained. The process of acquiring knowledge necessary to survive or compete in an environment is known as organizational learning. It is important to constantly change and seek superior ways of functioning or performing duties. Organizational learning includes shared knowledge between employees within an organization. Organizational learning is an ongoing process at our company. Team leaders are responsible for organizing a knowledge corner. Each team member is encouraged to bring a topic for discussion to corner. The team member during his/her assigned month would decorate the corner with paraphernalia of his/her chosen topic. Topics would include information on the company’s old and new products, breaking business news, the competitor’s products, etc. All these topics help to shape the behavior of our company. Understanding organizational behavior is vital in designing a company’s structure. In understanding individual and group behavior helps management realize how people in different cultures and environment communicate and function to attain strategic set goals. References McNamara, C. (1999). Organizational Culture. Retrieved May 15th, 2006 from managementhelp.org/org_thry/culture/culture. Schermerhorn, Jr., J.R., Hunt, J.G., Osborn, R.N. (2005). Organizational Behavior. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Retrieved May15th, 2006, from University of Phoenix, Resource, MGT/331. Research Papers on Organizational BehaviorAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalResearch Process Part OneThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThe Project Managment Office SystemRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesUnreasonable Searches and Seizures

Aalsmeer Flower Auction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Aalsmeer Flower Auction - Essay Example The researcher states that FloraHolland flower auction plays a key role in the Netherlands, land of Floriculture where its position as marketplace fulfils the role of matchmaker, intermediary and knowledge center. FloraHolland itself operate a nationally operating intermediary organization and import department. In a market that is characterized by upscaling and internationalization, FloraHolland wants to maintain and increase its strong market position. By offering the best and broadest assortment, FloraHolland wishes to tie (international) commerce flows to the marketplaces. FloraHolland offers its members the best sales opportunities at the lowest possible costs. FloraHolland is a service providing company that is not focused on generating profit – Mission Vision. FloraHolland or Aalsmeer Flower Auction need to refocus its resources to continue to be relevant in this day and age with the emergence of alternative, electronically driven flower markets. To widen its market bas e and influence Aalsmeer Flower action should meet the needs of retailers. Retailers are also dependent on its consumers that demand for fresh products, more varieties, smaller quantities and multiple deliveries each week. Rightly or wrongly, the retailers felt that they should have more influence on supply. Business Requirements Aalsmeer Flower Auction needs to meet the requirement of its retailers among other things with the use of information technology using the correct strategy. The information technology strategy should be able to enable the delivery of Fresh products to the retailers at the shortest possible time and with minimum expense. Generalized model of exchange processes – Kambil and Van Heck 1996. The Grower should make the following information available: Grower ID: Batch number; Batch Type; Batch Availability Schedule; Batch Volume; Initial Price; Last Price The Auction transaction file should have the following information: Order reference number; Batch numb er; Batch Type; Batch Availability Schedule; Volume purchased; Price; Auction reference number; Transport code Logistic Providers should make the following available for the retailers. Logistic Provider ID; Transport Schedule (Departure Time and place – Arrival Time and Place); Transport Type; Maximum Volume The Logistic transaction file should have the following information: Logistic Provider ID; Transport Schedule; Order reference number; The above data profile assumes that the retailer, grower and logistic-provider identification database are normalized. The process flow is described as follows: When a grower put a batch of his harvest to the auction, all details shall be flashed on the board. For each transaction using the auction clock where a retailer purchase a portion of the batch, the board display will display the new volume up for auction. When a retailer completes his transaction, he will then pick the logistical support provider and purchase a room for his newly purchased flowers. The Logistic provider shall make his availability or the available room he can still accommodate to the message board.

Maritime Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Maritime Economics - Essay Example Maritime economics refers to the business of shipping which is considered to be quite intriguing. The shipping industry which marked its commencement with the transportation of cargoes has been witnessing increased significance owing to the related advantages and prospects in the field of international development (Cullinane, 2011). Shipping is considered to be a service based industry that is believed to grant the sustenance with regard to the global trade. The subject of maritime economics is believed to have developed and grown based on the study that is supposed to relate to the past record of shipping, for instance contractual understanding relating to shipping as well as trade (Talley, 2012). Performance evaluation indicators are considered to be essential in order to gauge the operating competence with regard to the shipping industry. It is regarded as essential to draw attention to the condition related to operation performance with the intention of further enhancing the performance. There has been stated to remain available numerous kinds of indicators for the reason of using them for assessing the results attained by the shipping companies or the seaports. The prevailing indicators are believed to be of great use owing to their easy computability with the help of the accessible information. The application of the indicators would enable the evaluation of the performance of a particular shipping company and ascertain the degree of contentment of the obtained results. The performance indicators is learnt to gauge the performance of the shipping companies in sectors like tanker, offshore, container, dry bulk and other miscellaneous sectors (Trujillo & et. al., 1999). It needs to be mentioned in this regard that the indicators related to performance measurement is not regarded as structured, comprehensive or constant. The indicators that are used to gauge the performance of the shipping companies is done with the

Joseph G. Mccoy Historic Steches of the Cattle Trade of the West and Article

Joseph G. Mccoy Historic Steches of the Cattle Trade of the West and SouthWest 1874 - Article Example The author aptly refers to Red river and northern states, which endorses the fact that McCoy encourages the Texans to take the herds from Texas to Abilene, Kansas. 2. While taking the history of the document under-examination into account, it becomes evident that the author appears to be discussing the herds’ trade phenomenon as well as social circumstances during the years of civil war that had captured the USA during mid 1860s. In addition to this, the circumstances discussed in the document also ratify the situation of unrest and chaos in various states of America. Furthermore, McCoy has also cited the years 1866 and 1867 while creating the article. Nevertheless, the article was written in 1874, almost six to seven years after the incident had taken place. Making such a long delay while creating the article may arise some doubts regarding its validity. Somehow, the original date of the happening of the circumstances would certainly be few years before the document was produ ced. Consequently, the writer would surely be collecting the memories of the years between 1868 and 1870. So, the event discussed in the document would have taken place by 1868-70. 3. In the document under-study, McCoy has elucidated the problems faced by the cattle owners during and after the American Civil War era. These issues include the carrying of the cattle from one area to the remote regions of the vast country, dealing with the customers belonging to divergent states, bargaining problems while selling the cattle, deceit and frauds inflicted upon them by the swindlers, contagious diseases the cattle caught and price issues while entering into deals with the buyers. Moreover, McCoy has also described the physical dangers observed by the drovers including the life risks as well as of getting attacked or robbed during their long and dreary journey with the aim of selling the animals. Hence, the author has skillfully elaborated various challenges the longhorn dealers had to unde rgo during late 1860s. 4. The document under the title Historic Sketches of the Cattle Trade of the West and Southwest narrates in third person the developments and challenges related to the herds owners, entrepreneurs, traders, ranchers and dealers while carrying and shifting the cattle from one state to the others by applying different methods, manners and sources of communications according to their resources and financial positions. The author has cited the names of various cities and states related to the herd trade, which include Texas, Chicago, Illinois, Quincy, Hades, Leavenworth, Kansas and Abilene. The description of the chronicle of events in such in-depth details endorses the concept that either McCoy had directly been involved in the cattle trade as an entrepreneur, or had kept and owned the longhorn herds by himself. Furthermore, having well informed with regards to the prices, number and affairs of the cattle proves him as a full time cattle entrepreneur. 5. It is a f act beyond suspicion that writers, poets, philosophers and intellectuals serve as the brain of society, who by dint of their thoughtfulness, guide the other members of society by showing the right path and by pointing out the evils and problems prevailing within some particular area, region or community. The same is also applied to McCoy, who has also elucidated the challenges that used to arise on the way of

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): Improving Treatments

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): Improving Treatments Summary ALS is a progressive, fatal motoneurone disease, ultimately leading to paralysis and respiratory failure within 3-5 years. There is currently only one FDA-approved drug, Riluzole, but its lack of disease prolongation combined with the aggressive disease nature means identifying new treatments is essential. This review highlights 3 of the most current and promising research areas. Recent Phase 1 Clinical trials have proven safety of stem cell (SC) implantation in humans. Parallel rodent SC models show positive results in both decelerating disease progression and promoting anti-inflammatory neuronal protection. Supplementary use of growth factors also shows potential regarding motoneurone survival and dendrite length in cultures, and survival rates in mouse models. Knockout of glial xC- glutamate anti-porter significantly reduces excessive glutamate levels in neurones by 70%, compared to xC- +/+ microglia. Knockout also reduces levels of pro-inflammatory markers. These findings highlight vital role of xC- system in reducing neuronal glutamate excitotoxicity. Antisense technologies effectively reduced SOD1 protein and mRNA levels, consistent in CSF and brain of SOD1 rodent cortices. This supports SOD1 as a good biomarker for future antisense studies. Overall, there is promising research being conducted. However improvements in clinical trial techniques must be addressed in order to reliably compare findings from future studies, and allow identification of a cure in the future. Summary word count: 213 Introduction Also known as ‘Lou Gehrig’s Disease’, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) involves loss of upper and lower motoneurones from the brainstem and spinal cord. Symptoms progress from difficulty in limb movement to paralysis, and finally respiratory failure, the biggest cause of death in ALS. With a prevalence of approx. 2:100,000 and average onset age of 55 years, death usually occurs 3-5 years after onset. Although first identified in 1869 by Jean-Martin Charcot, there remain no conclusive disease causes. The disease is classified into 2 types: Familial ALS (fALS), the inherited form, is responsible for approx. 10% of all cases. There are a handful of genetic mutations linked to fALS, including: C90RF72, TDP-43, FUS, Ubiquilin-2, and currently most relevant in disease-models, Cu2+/Zn2+ Superoxide Dismutase (SOD1). Sporadic (sALS) form comprises the majority of cases, and this unknown nature of the disease makes targeted treatments challenging. Riluzole is currently the only FDA approved treatment for ALS, increasing life expectancy by 2 months. In 2011, ‘Nuedexta’ was also approved as a treatment for pseudobulbar effects in ND diseases. Patients must otherwise rely on palliative care to improve quality of life. This review will focus on the most current and widely researched areas. Proposed mechanisms of disease are beyond the scope of this review, but can be found in a review by Cleveland and Rothstein (2001). Stem Cell Therapy Due to its infamous potential, stem cell (SC) therapy is perhaps the most widely researched treatment area. SC therapy aims to improve symptoms rather than cure the disease, by either targeting re-growth of neurones or promoting their survival. Here we will focus on clinical and pre-clinical SC trials in the last 5 years. Direct neuronal replacement One proposed treatment method is to replace dying motoneurones with SCs. Recent Phase 1 Clinical Trials by Glass et al., (2012) and Feldman et al., (2014) studied the safety of lumbar and cervical SC injections, respectively. Both trials found good patient tolerance and sufficient safety to continue with future trials. Feldman et al. also used histochemical analysis to address concerns over unpredictable SC migration, by highlighting successfully transplanted SCs in spinal cord slices, Figure 1. Figure 1. B) Cross-section of spinal cord highlighting non-native cells C) Close-up shows morphology of cells consistent with pre-implanted SCs, indicative of successful transplantation into spinal cord. [Adapted from Feldman et al., 2014] Despite multiple limitations to the experimental technique, such as absence of a control group, results indicated early SC transplantation has a good chance of slowing disease progression in ALS patients, as 50% of patients showed improvement in 6-15 month post-trial check-ups. The corresponding Phase II Trial commenced in September 2013, and is due for completion this month. Figure 2 shows a previous study by Karussis et al., (2010) where SC injection leads to a significant increase in immune-regulatory cells (CD4+/CD25+) and an overall decreased immune response. Figure 2. Levels of neuronal cell inflammatory markers following injection of SCs [Adapted from Karussis et al., 2014] Reduction in immune response over 24hrs was in fact greater than seen in immunomodulatory medicines, suggesting additional mode of action for SC therapy. Neuronal survival via growth factor delivery Unsuccessful trials in the late 1990s to treat ALS with growth factors (GFs) prompted further studies into appropriate CNS targeting. Development of the SOD1-mutant rat model allowed Suzuki et al., in 2008, to address these delivery issues in a study using SCs as GF vectors. They found GF delivery to mid-stage SOD1 rodents showed increased neuromuscular connections, and a lifespan increase of 28 days, possibly due to reduced neuronal loss. Viral vectors for trophic factors (TFs) provide an alternative delivery route, and in 2010, Dodge et al., carried out mouse embryonic-SC motoneurone studies in which expression of TFs IGF-1 and VEGF-165 using viral vector, AAV4, allowed successful delivery of TFs to entirety of CNS. This slowed MN decline and increased mouse survival. Figure 3 shows initial culture studies using mouse-derived embryonic motoneurone SCs, showing clear protective action on neurones. Figure 3. A) 70% of motoneurones died in control, GFP-CM, compared to high survival with IGF-1-CM/VEGF-CM. B,C) IGF-1-CM/VEGF-CM treated motoneurones showed increased neurite length and survival rates compared to control. [Image from Dodge et al., 2010] Subsequent mouse studies showed increased survival and decelerated reduction in hindlimb grip-strength and stamina on the rotarod, seen in Figure 4. Figure 4. A,C,E) Mouse studies depicting neuroprotective action of TFs, IGF/VEGF vs control. [Image adapted from Dodge et al., 2010] It is worth noting that combined delivery of both TFs showed no synergistic effect, probably due to their affecting the same pathway. Subsequently, in 2013, Krakora et al., modified human mesenchymal SCs to further investigate synergistic effect of combined GFs. A synergistic effect between GDNF + VEGF was seen due to their action on different signalling cascades. This shows promise for future studies into improved neuronal survival. SC conclusions Phase-1 clinical-trials have shown safety of SC injection into CNS with promising, if unreliable, patient outcomes. The mechanism of improvement still unidentified, but hints at inflammatory regulation in neural protection may open an interesting avenue. GF application shows further potential based on rodent/mice studies with a proven effect at slowing disease progression and neuronal loss. SCs make suitable GF vectors as can be made to express/over-express GFs. Combining GF models with SC vectors for targeted delivery requires further exploration. Future trials must consider frequency, dose and administration technique. Neuronal Excitotoxicity Mouse ALS models by Beers et al., (2011) and Liao et al., (2012) indicate microglia conversion from M2 (anti-inflammatory) to M1 (pro-inflammatory) state during disease. Believed to be due to glutamate toxicity, therapeutic work should focus on reducing excessive neuronal glutamate level, and reducing resultant pro-inflammatory response. In 2014, Mesci et al., studied the xC- system; a glial antiporter exchanging cysteine for glutamate release, causing increased neuronal glutamate. The study aimed to show blocking xC- would reduce excessive glutamate release and affect M1/M2 state, to reduce inflammation. xCT (transporter gene) -/- mouse microglial studies demonstrated a significant 70% reduction in glutamate release compared to XC- +/+. Furthermore, Figure 5 shows significantly increased pro-inflammatory factors in xC- +/+ mice microglia compared to -/-, hinting at a shift towards the M1 microglial phenotype via xC-. Figure 5. A-E) Levels of M1 pro-inflammatory factors in xCT -/- vs +/+ mouse microglia [Image from Mesci et al., 2014] Interestingly, Mesci et al., also noted a 10-fold increase in anti-inflammatory M2 marker levels at pre-symptomatic phase in -/- mice which drops off at disease onset, indicating M1/M2 shift upon disease onset. Encouragingly, -/- microglia showed significant increase in motoneurone survival in -/- vs +/+ microglia, at 45% and 35% survival, respectively. This is indicative of a less neurotoxic environment. Finally, xC- -/- SOD1 mutated mice showed an overall deceleration in disease progression, shown by increased survival rates following advanced disease stage (20% weight loss) in Figure 6. Figure 6. Survival in advanced ALS in xC- +/+ and -/- SOD1 mice Neurotoxicity conclusions These anti-excitotoxicity findings are consistent with the action of Riluzole. Future drugs may target xC- system, however current antagonists are poorly specific and available to brain. Identification of a more suitable antagonist would be a good priority before further clinical trials. Antisense Technologies Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) bind to specific mRNA sequences to cause mRNA degradation. In 2013, Leah et al., conducted studies in SOD1 rodents and human subjects with neurodegenerative diseases. SOD1-targeting ASOs were introduced to subjects to reduce SOD1 levels. They found both SOD1 mRNA and protein fell by 69Â ±4% and 48Â ±14%, respectively, in rodent cortices. Interestingly, this matched reduced protein levels by 42Â ±14% in rodent CSF, indicating CSF levels are a good measure of levels in brain. Unfortuntely, SOD1 cannot be a specific ALS marker due to its presence in other neurodegenerative diseases. However, its observed constant levels over time supports SOD1 as a good biomarker in indicating efficacy of antisense technologies and its effective targeting by ASOs may be useful in measuring brain SOD1 levels via CSF levels in future studies. A Phase 1 Clinical Trial by Miller et al., (2013) to determine safety of single-dose intrathecal injection of ASOs found no safety concerns. However, liver cancer and neuropathy was previously seen in cases of chronic low SOD1 levels (Elchuri et al., 2005), so long-term dosage effects must be carefully monitored. Conclusions This review was restricted to three main research areas, but areas such as susceptibility gene identification, oxidative stress and protein misfolding, are also being explored. Current research shows promise, especially in SOD1 rodent models and positive safety data from Phase 1 Trials. SCs continue to have vast potential, and when combined with GFs have shown encouraging effects on disease progression in rodent models. Reliability of these studies, however, must be improved in order to draw accurate conclusions and compare findings from related studies. Ideally, a ‘standard trial protocol’ should be implemented. Trials must also consider long-term effects of reduced SOD1 levels (in antisense techniques) and immunosuppressant use (with stem cells). Some issues may possibly be alleviated by recent development of new autologous SC models (Meyers et al., 2014). In short, current ALS treatments remain palliative care and Riluzole, but with new developments continuously emerging there is definitely an exciting research landscape ahead. In October 2014, ALSA requested Phase II Trial proposals to accelerate work in this area, meaning that the race is on to find suitable ALS treatment that may help patient prognosis in the future. Word count: 1573 119/09/2016

Okonkwo as Epic Hero in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay

Okonkwo as Epic Hero in Things Fall Apart      Ã‚  Ã‚   Achebe’s work, Things Fall Apart, is an epic; it resembles stories about heroes found in many cultures. In these stories, the heroes are extraordinary individuals, whose careers and destinies are not theirs alone, but are bound with the fortunes and destinies of their society. They become heroes by accomplishing great things for themselves and their communities, winning much fame as a result.    Okonkwo fits this pattern. The first paragraph of Things Fall Apart is notable in this respect, for it describes Okonkwo as follows:    Okonkwo was well known throughout the nine villages and even beyond. His fame rested on solid personal achievements. As a young man of eighteen he had brought honour to his village by throwing Amalinze the Cat. Amalinze was the great wrestler who for seven years was unbeaten, from Umuofia to Mbaino. He was called the Cat because his back would never touch the earth. It was this man that Okonkwo threw in a fight which the old man agreed was one of the fiercest since the founder of their town engaged a spirit of the wild for seven days and seven nights. (3)    In an epic story, the hero undergoes many tests, which we can see as rites of passage. In Things Fall Apart, Okonkwo undergoes such tests, including the wrestling match with Amalinze the Cat, his struggle with the negative legacy of his father, and the struggle to succeed on his own.    Praising heroes is a basic function of epics. As ... ... Hopes and Impediments. New York: Doubleday, 1989. Innes, C.L. Chinua Achebe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Nnolim, Charles E. "Achebe's Things Fall Apart: An Igbo National Epic" Modern Black Literature. ed. Okechukwu Mezu New York: Black Academy Press, 1971, 55-60. Obiechina, Emmanuel. "Narrative Proverbs in the African Novel," Research in African Literatures, 24, 4 (1993), 123-140. Okafor, Chinyere Grace. "From the Heart of Masculinity: Ogbodo-Uke Women's Masking." Research in African Literatures, 25, 3 (1994), 7-17. Traore, Ousseynou. "Matrical Approach to Things Fall Apart; A Poetics of Epic and Mythic Paradigms." Approaches to Teaching Achebe's Things Fall Apart. ed. Bernth Lindfors. New York: MLA, 1991, 65-73.

Analysis Poem ‘No Coward Soul Is Mine’

No Coward Soul Is Mine by Emily Bronte No coward soul is mine, No trembler in the worlds storm-troubled sphere: I see Heavens glories shine, And faith shines equal, arming me from fear. O God within my breast. Almighty, ever-present Deity! Life — that in me has rest, As I — Undying Life — have power in Thee! Vain are the thousand creeds That move mens hearts: unutterably vain; Worthless as withered weeds, Or idlest froth amid the boundless main, To waken doubt in one Holding so fast by Thine infinity; So surely anchored on The steadfast Rock of immortality. With wide-embracing love Thy Spirit animates eternal years,Pervades and broods above, Changes, sustains, dissolves, creates, and rears. Though earth and man were gone, And suns and universes ceased to be, And Thou wert left alone, Every existence would exist in Thee. There is not room for Death, Nor atom that his might could render void: Thou — Thou art Being and Breath, And what Thou art may never be d estroyed. Analysis Connotative words:First stanzaIn the second line, storm-troubled has negative connotative meaning. Denotative meaning from storm is an extreme weather condition with very strong wind, heavy rain, and lighting; and the denotative meaning of trouble s to cause someone to have a problems or difficulties. The word storm-troubled is a compound verb that has connotative meaning an activity of destroying something with the powerful energy or an activity that can cause a dangerous effect. In the fourth line, shines has positive connotative meaning. The denotative meaning from shines as verb is to send out or reflect light; the connotative meaning is to show something or looks like. Also in fourth line, the word arming has positive connotative meaning. The word arming comes from word arm and affix  ¬Ã¢â‚¬â€œing. Arming then has meaning as verb.The denotative meaning from arm is part of body which consist of two long parts of the upper body that fixed to the shoulders and have hands at the end. The connotative meaning from arming is to embrace or to hug someone, also to save or to make safety from something.Second stanzaIn the first line, the word breast has positive connotative meaning. The denotative meaning from breast is part of body, especially has relation with women. The connotative meaning from this word is deep inside of heart. In this line the poet wants to show that she really believes in God, so that she says that God in her breast or in her deep inside of her heart. Fourth Stanza In the fourth line, Rock has positive connotative meaning. The denotation meaning of rock is the dry solid part of the Earth’s surface; stone. The connotative meaning of Rock here is the faith, beliefs, or religion that people have to have.Seventh StanzaIn the third line, Being and Breath has positive connotative meanings. The denotative meaning of being is a person or thing that exists or the state of existing; and breath is the air that goes into and o ut of lungs. The connotative meaning of those words is the One who only has the being forever or the One who can give a life or soul for the creature.

Euthanasia Informational Outlo essays

Euthanasia Informational Outlo essays Euthanasia Informational Outlook Before practicing medicine as a profession, doctors must take a Hippocratic Oath in which they are sworn to protect human life. Therefore, any concept which involves assisting a patient to take his own life would, on the surface, appear to be a violation of the sacred medical oath. However, with the ever-increasing numbers of terminally-ill patients, the issues aren't necessarily as black and white as they once appeared. With the increasing prominence of Dr. Jack Kevorkian, sometimes referred to as Dr. Death, many patients and medical professionals are questioning the implications of physician-assisted suicide, and whether or not such an action constitutes murder. I. Advanced euthanasia directives including terminal care, value of life and right to die Euthanasia comprised of the Greek words eu, which means good and thanatos, which means death. There are two basic types of euthanasia active and passive. Active euthanasia involves inducing a painless death to a patient (per his request) who is suffering from a terminal illness or incurably debilitating condition, with their direct consent. To date, this practice is illegal in the United States, but is recognized by the Netherlands' government ("Hemlock Society: General Information" 1997). Passive euthanasia is the medical practice of not intervening in the natural death process and is performed through the removal of feeding tubes, the cessation of antibiotic medications to fight infection, or the halting of chemotherapy. This is a legally recognized practiced and is widely accepted by the medical establishment. ("Hemlock Society: General Information" 1997). In recent years, the term assisted suicide has become popular or notorious, depending on one's point of view. This is the process of aiding a person to end his life, and is considered illegal in most states. Although family members often help a t...

Case Study on Health Education

Case Study on Health Education Sample case study on Health Education: Explain how â€Å"health literacy† relates to Healthy People 2020. Health literacy is having the capacity to process and understand basic health information, and applying this information when making health-related decisions. The responsibility of communicating health information is placed on health professionals and the general public expects them to communicate in plain language which is easily understood. When technical jargons are used, most people are unable to adopt the recommendations which are being put forward by health professionals. The main objective of Healthy People 2020 is to improve the general health of Americans. Besides strengthening the current health policies, Healthy People 2020 also wants to increase the proportion of the population which engages in healthy behaviors. Unless health literacy is improved, the objective mentioned above would no be achieved. There exists a gap of knowledge between the health professionals and the public. The health professionals posses the critical information need to promote health living while the public does not have this information; they rely on the professionals to advice them. Therefore the hunger for information already exists and the impetus is on the health professionals to furnish the public with easily understandable information. The inability to understand health information is often attributed to the manner in which it is presented. There are some factors like age and educational levels which play a part in limiting health literacy but most people blame their inability to understand health information on the manner in which it was conveyed. In concluding, health professionals and physicians in particular must disseminate health information in an accurate and actionable manner. They should speak in a plain language which cuts across all social and cultural boundaries. Health literacy is an attainable goal but the degree to which the public absorbs health information and adopts healthy behaviors largely depends on the language used by health professionals. Please give examples of how health literacy (or the lack of health literacy) affects a persons health behaviors Due to a general improvement in education standards, it is often assumed that everyone possesses some basic form of health literacy. Understanding a medical prescription or sticking to a strict diet prescribed by a doctor may not seem like a complex undertaking to most people. However, there are people within our community who are unable process even the most basic health information without the help of a relative or close friend. Without getting into the details of the factors which limit their health literacy, it has already been proven that the lack of health literacy negatively affects a person’s health behaviors. People with low health literacy are less likely to understand oral or written information given by health professionals. This is glaringly evident among the elderly population or people who are not native speakers (speak English as a second language). Such people are more likely to mix up the prescriptions given by a doctor, ignore important health information and in some occasions refuse to seek treatment for their ailments. Their refusal to seek health treatment is sometimes not voluntary; they are simply daunted by the prospect of navigating a â€Å"complex† health system. The countless procedures, appointment schedules and prescriptions appear like insurmountable challenges. People with low health literacy prefer to seek health services from publicly financed programs instead of going to the private sector which offers better quality of care. Financial ability is often identified as the main reason why certain people opt for publicly financed programs but their health literacy also influences this decision. Public programs like Medicaid are perceived to be more suited for people of low income but the reality is the cost of care at Medicaid is comparable to a majority of private sector programs. Medicaid patients perceive it to be more ‘reliable’ and they ignore private healthcare mostly because of the fear of navigating a ‘new’ healthcare system. Discuss the evolving challenges health educators face regarding improving health literacy. The healthcare industry has undergone massive transformations in the last couple of decades. New medical techniques have been discovered and newer prescriptions introduced to replace the old ones. More importantly, there has also been a dramatic shift in health policies and such changes are unknown to the public. Health educators carry the responsibility of informing the public of all these changes but their efforts are often hampered by financial barriers. Nowadays, educating the public on health awareness is an expensive venture. For example, only a few public organizations can afford to run an important health message during prime time television; the cost of such advertisements exceeds the budgets of most health education projects. The same high costs are evident in other advertising avenues like billboards, magazines and newspapers. The options available for educating the public on health issues are simply limited by the high costs. Other challenges faced by health educators include social and cultural barriers. We currently live in a diverse society which is dominated by different ethnic groups. The difference in earning power has further subdivided our society into different social groups. Health educators face serious challenges especially when communicating social-specific or cultural-specific health information. For example, there is a high prevalence rate of STIs amongst low income populations than high income populations. In some regions, large segments of the low income population are composed of people from a particular ethnic or racial group. How then do health educators convey important information on STIs without appearing like they are racial profiling? Such misconceptions hamper the health educator’s efforts to raise health literacy within certain segments of the population.

Position essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Position - Essay Example after a high-profile spokesperson named Celerino Castillo, a former high-ranking Drug Enforcement Agency operative, testified and gave first-hand information about the substantial involvement of the CIA in the drug trade. The following discussions center on the issues regarding how the CIA gets involves in drug trades. The CIA was created by a Wall Street investor and lawyer named Clark Clifford through the National Security Act of 1947 (Corruption Enablers in Legal-Judicial Areas, 2009). Corruption was rooted with the CIA when it was created (Stitch, 2009). The leaders of this US government transformed section supported the illegal trade, including Clifford. The CIA got involved in this trade to finance their operations and later on became a money producing machine for some money-hungry operatives. This information was included in Celerino Castillo’s report. In the early 1950’s all the way up to the mid 1970’s the U.S. military participation in Laos, Indochina had a lot to do with illegal drugs. Research shows that heroin and opium were flown by â€Å"Air America† into a lot of different nations, as well as Vietnam (Stitch, 2007). Because of CIA’s drug trafficking, Southeast Asia became the major producer of heroin and opium. It is assumed that Southeast Asia produces 80% or the world’s heroin and opium (Stitch, 2007). The good image of South Vietnam was also tarnished by the drug trade brought in by the CIA from Laos. Cultures like that of the Hmong in Laos delivered 40,000 men for the CIAs underground Laotian military (Stitch, Rodney, 2007). Nevertheless in the development, opium production took over the Hmong people and many became addicted. To back the Hmong drug addiction, the CIAs â€Å"Air America† transferred rare opium beyond the Laotian mountains to the drug test centers. During the mi d-70s, Army health officers gave estimation that roughly twenty percent of American fighters had become addicted to the drugs because of the CIA (Stich

The Impact of Globalization on Recent Changes to Employment Patterns Assignment

The Impact of Globalization on Recent Changes to Employment Patterns and Structure in either a Country or Industry of Your Choice - Assignment Example More specifically current sources are used for the report to gain knowledge of the pattern of current changes introduced thereof and its due implications on the employment scenario. Findings The findings relate that the era of globalization or liberalization has impacted the pattern of industrial relation policies and thereby the employment structures of the Indian economy. Firstly it is noticed that the system of due protectionism of employees which was the significant feature of Indian industrial relations gradually is subjected to abolition thereby contributing to the reduction of impacts of trade unionism in India. Secondly the system of collective bargaining is also found to be decentralized to render potential to the management in governing trade union activities. Thirdly the findings reflect that how human resource management functions have focused on development of employee productivity through aspects of training and employee development. Fourthly the growth of services and communication sector industries in the country is also noticed side by side with the manufacturing sectors thereby leading to the emergence of new employment structures. Fifthly policy changes to industrial relations in the post liberalization period reflected a rise in both organized and unorganized types of employment structures leading to the growth of casual and self-employed labor market. Sixthly case studies dealt with in relation to manufacturing sectors pertaining to cotton and jute mills are presented where issues relating to modernization and employee participation are presented. The findings reflect the impacts of modernization and participative style management in the specific... The conclusion of the report specifically highlights on drawing a summary of the essential themes related to globalization and its impact on the employee patterns and structures in the Indian employment market. It also draws a summary of the findings of the report relating to the case studies used reflecting the impacts of industrial relation policy changes on the employer-employee relationships. Finally it also focuses on the pattern of recommendations sought in relation to the employment issues relating to the cases underlined. This paper makes a conclusion that the mode of globalization in relation to the world at large has contributed to the development and introduction of new set of operational, trade and employer-employee relationship aspects along different sets of business enterprises. Moreover the emergence of a liberal market has also spurred the growth of different employment sectors both in relation to the developed and developing economies. The project focuses specifically on the Indian economy where the emergence of a liberal market framework has led to the birth of casual forms of employment in sharp contrast to the existence of only organized employment sectors. Moreover the emergence of both public and private sectors in the Indian economy also triggers the development of newer styles of employer-employee relationship patterns. In fact the mode of industrial relations has gained a far flung change in comparison to the period pre and post liberalization in influencing the patterns of employmen t patterns and structures in the industrial and employment scenario of India. It is found that during the pre liberalization period the employment and the industrial structure of India were mainly governed by manufacturing and other large scale industries.