Essay --

Presentation This consultancy report is routed to Walmart, the main global retail organization of the world intending to enter in as of late changed and transformed Indian retail area, where remote direct venture has been permitted penny percent in genuine terms. The report manages four indicated angles. Right off the bat political framework and danger of India is broke down from the point of view of Walmart. Next market potential is evaluated concerning openings and difficulties. Further exchange and speculation obstructions are definite concerning the perception of the World Bank. At last passage mode and area decision is prescribed for Walmart to work in India, where the feasible culturally diverse administration point is likewise made. Fundamental BODY Evaluating Political System and Risk Political hazard evaluation is an essential piece of global speculation by worldwide organizations, where political hazard all worries to the hazard that a host nation ctreate through its political choices that may be dterimental for on the achievement and endurance of the worldwide companyies in productive way. Negative political framework or arrangements may bring about drawbacks in the broad harm on account of transformation to those of an increasingly monetary nature, as the development of laws that put off the development of capital (Phung, 2009). Normally while putting resources into Indian market Walmart needs to close evaluate the feasible political hazard circumstance in the nation, from the viewpoint different components identifying with political hazard. As Dã ¶rrenbã ¤cher and Geppert .(2013) contend that worldwide organizations may be rearing justification for inner political weight in a host nation where battle for control in the midst of head quarters and their auxil iaries may dis... ...minate the exchange and speculation hindrances from the point of view of worldwide organizations, for example, Walmart. Thus, Walmart can trust a superior exchange and speculation condition in Indian. It can work with the legislature in the nation along with World Bank for arranging most extreme in support of its in the new strategy condition, Walmart has more chances and challlenges, yet openings likely could be abused uniquely on account of picking the correct passage mode. Walmart has two potential choices in the structures aquisition or making auxiliary in the nation. The previous would be similarly progressively powerful thinking about the chaotic idea of Indian retail area. The accomplishment of this worldwide organization in India will be to a great extent rely upon diverse administration, especially with regards to normalization versus adjustment whether the later can be suggested.

My Experience with Mother Hens and Their Families Essay Example for Free

My Experience with Mother Hens and Their Families Essay The reason for our asylum on the Virginia Eastern Shore is to give a home to chickens who as of now exist, as opposed to adding to the populace and along these lines lessening our ability to embrace more fowls. Consequently we don't permit our hens to bring forth their eggs in the spring and late-spring as they would somehow or another do, given their relationship with the chickens in our yard. The entirety of our feathered creatures have been embraced from circumstances of surrender or misuse, or, more than likely they were not, at this point needed or ready to be thought about by their past proprietors. Our two-section of land haven is a fenced open yard that conceals into tangled lush territories loaded up with trees, brambles, vines, undergrowth and the dirt chickens love to scratch in throughout the entire year. It likewise incorporates a few littler fenced walled in areas with chicken-wire rooftops, each with its own predator-evidence house, for chickens who are slanted to fly over wall during chick-incubating season, and in this manner be helpless against the raccoons, foxes, owls, possums and different predators occupying the forested areas and fields around us. I took in the most difficult way possible about the powerlessness of chickens to predators. Once, a hen named Eva, who had bounced the fence and been absent for half a month, returned toward the beginning of June with a brood of eight cushy chicks. This allowed me to watch legitimately a portion of the maternal conduct I had perused such a great amount about. We had embraced Eva into our asylum alongside a few different hens and a chicken appropriated during a cockfighting assault in Alabama. Watching Eva travel around the yard, outside the haven fence with her modest brood not far behind her, resembled viewing a group of wild flying creatures whose dull and brilliant plumes mixed impeccably with the forested areas and foliage they dissolved all through during the day. Intermittently, at the edge of the forested areas, Eva would crouch with her quills puffed out, and her peeping chicks would all run under the care of her for solace and warmth. A couple of moments later, the family wa s progressing once more. Since the beginning, hens have been adulated for their capacity to safeguard their young from an aggressor. I watched Eva do precisely this one day when a huge canine meandered before the magnolia tree where she and her chicks were searching. With her wings extended and bended menacingly toward the pooch, she surged at him again and again, chuckling boisterously, at the same time proceeding to push her chicks behind herself with her wings. The pooch stood stock stillâ before the energized mother hen, and before long strolled away, however Eva kept up her forceful stance of self-preservation, her sharp, dreary cluck and mindful post for a few minutes after he was no more. Eva’s conduct toward the pooch contrasted fundamentally from her conduct toward me, exhibiting her capacity to recognize a feasible predator and somebody she saw as introducing no desperate danger to her and her chicks. She definitely knew me from the asylum yard, and however I had never taken care of her separated from lifting her out of the case she’d showed up in from Alabama a while prior, when I began prudently following her and her family, to get the nearest conceivable perspective on them, the most she did when she saw me coming was break down with her brood into the forested areas or vanish under the magnolia tree. While she didn’t consider me to be especially perilous, she by and by kept up an attentive separation that, after some time, lessened to where she progressively brought her brood straight up to the asylum fence, moving toward the front strides of our home, and nearer and nearer to me however not very close at this time. At the point when she an d her chicks were all over town, and I called to her, â€Å"Hey, Eva,† she’d rapidly gaze toward me, ready and caution for a few seconds, before continuing her occupation. One morning, I looked outside hoping to see the little gathering in the dewy grass, yet they were not there. Realizing that mother raccoons lurked daily searching for nourishment for their own youths in the late spring, I tragically derived they were the imaginable explanation that I never observed my dear Eva and her chicks again. Inside the asylum, I broke the no chick-incubating rule only a single time. After coming back from an excursion of a few days, I found that Daffodil, a delicate white hen with a sweet face and calm way, was settled somewhere down toward the side of her home in a home she’d arranged from the straw sheet material on the soil floor. Seeing there were just two eggs under her, and dreading they may contain undeveloped organisms develop enough to have very much evolved sensory systems by at that point, I disregarded her. Half a month later on a warm day in June, I was dispersing new straw in the house close to hers, when out of nowhere I heard the most modest peeps. Thinking a sparrow was gotten inside, I ran toâ guide the fowl out. However, those peeps were not from a sparrow; they emerged from Daffodil’s corner. Modifying my eyes, I looked down into the dull spot where Daffodil was, and there I observed the wellspring of the minor voice a little yellow face with dim brilli ant eyes was looking out of her quills. I stooped down and gazed into the essence of the chick who looked eagerly back at me, before it concealed itself, at that point looked out once more. I looked carefully into Daffodil’s face too, knowing as a matter of fact that looking at chickens is pivotal to framing a trusting, inviting relationship with them. In the event that chickens see individuals just from the angle of boots and shoes, and individuals don’t look at them without flinching and converse with them, no obligation of companionship will be framed among human and winged creature. I’ve seen this distinction communicated between hens we’ve embraced into our asylum from an egg creation office, for instance, and chickens brought to us as youthful winged creatures or as someone’s previous pet. Previous egg-industry hens will in general glance back at me, not with that sharp, brilliant, direct focal point of a completely sure chicken, however with a careful haziness that no uncertainty to some extent mirrors their having spent their whole past lives in confines or on jam-packed floors in dull, dirtied structures that for all time influenced their eyes before going to our asylum. Mentally, it’s as though they’ve pulled down a little drapery among themselves and individuals that doesn't forestall kinship however imbues their recuperation with a settled strain of dread. I’ll say all the more regarding these hens by and by. From the absolute initial, an enormous red chicken named Francis normally visited Daffodil and her chick in their settling spot, and Daffodil acted upbeat and substance to have him there. Every now and again, I discovered him discreetly sitting with her and the little chick, who mixed around them two, all through their quills. Despite the fact that chickens will mate with more than one hen in the group, a chicken and a hen will likewise frame bonds so solid that they will won't mate with any other person. Might it be able to be that Francis was the dad of this chick and that he and Daffodil knew it? He positively was exceptionally and personally engaged with the pair, and it wasn’t as if he was the head of theâ flock, the person who directed the entirety of the hens and different chickens and was in this way satisfying his obligation in that job. Or maybe, Francis appeared to be essentially to be an individual from this specific family. For the remainder of the late spring, Daffodil and her chick shaped a sort of charmed hover with a sacred space all around themselves, as they wandered together in the yard, undisturbed by different chickens. Not once did I see Francis or any of different chickens attempt to mate with Daffodil during the time she was raising her playful chick the little one I named Daisy who grew up to be Sir Daisy, a huge, attractive chicken with white and brilliant earthy colored quills.

Civil War Essay Samples

Civil War Essay SamplesAlthough writing a college-level essay in the field of Civil War history requires much more than an average high school student could ever achieve, there are plenty of valuable resources available to help with your essay writing. There are many essay samples that can help you write your Civil War essay.There are plenty of tools and exercises that can be used during your summer field training or your senior seminar. These essays can come from your professor, your instructor, or a professional writer. You can find essay samples on the Internet. For example, you may want to find Civil War article examples online or at your local library.Many writers use essay samples in order to practice their own style. You can also obtain some essays by searching on Google or using a word search. These sample essays can be useful for improving your own writing skills. It will help to revise your essay writing style so that it is both interesting and accurate.If you decide to sub mit your essay to a college or university, you should have no problem finding a Civil War essay sample on the Internet. You can find these essays online or at your local library. You can even purchase them from the Internet to use in your next essay.It is easy to use these essay samples for your education. As an educator, you should be able to read several essays and use the paragraphs in your own writing. The most common approach is to make slight changes in your own essay that will help you learn about the Civil War.Although writing a Civil War essay can be a lot of fun, you do not have to be concerned about the facts in your writing. Just make sure that you find out as much as you can about the Civil War and the soldiers who fought in it. You can gather thisinformation by researching the lives of the soldiers, their families, and their parents.When you begin reading Civil War essay samples, you will see that most are about one particular period. Your goal should be to make your C ivil War essay better than the next. Use your imagination and create a new experience for yourself by thinking of the Civil War through your own eyes.

Story of Nature Desire The Storm by Kate Chopin - 1288 Words

Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Storm†: Story of Nature Desire Naturalism is about bringing humans into the â€Å"natural world†. We, as humans, are seen as aspects of nature collectively not separate like they once were. â€Å"Naturalism holds that everything we are and do is connected to the rest of the world and derived from conditions that precede us and surround us. Each of us is an unfolding natural process, and every aspect of that process is caused, and is a cause itself † (â€Å"A Guide for Naturalism†). Humans are like â€Å"animals† they contain the same drives that animals have. They are just plain â€Å"natural†. Many authors express naturalism in their writings such as Kate Chopin. She expresses a naturalistic view on sexual drives which classify her as a†¦show more content†¦The main focus of this short story is desire. The desire shown by both Calixta and Alcà ©e for each other is obvious. Many people during the time this short story was written would look at it as being â€Å"dirty† or filthy. They would look at the affair as being dishonest and unlawful; similar to the way that some of us today. However, the way Chopin expresses the affair is not at all a sense of guilty. She presences it as if it was something that happens often and that it is a natural thing that humans do. Sexual desire is a natural aspect of people’s lives. Even though she is a strong feminist, she does not limit these sexual desires to just the female character, Calixta. She also dives deep into the desires of a man as well. â€Å"Both males and females, she seems to tell us, are complex creatures whom have no choice but to discover their passion, in spite of risks, confusion, and guilt. (Bloom 81)†. According to Per Seyersted, â€Å"sex in this story is a force as strong, inevitable, and natural as the Louisiana storm which ignites it† (Koloski 145). She observes sex as being a natural thing that cannot be avoided in or outside of wedlock (Koloski 147). She writes as if this affair was unavoidable to the drives between the two characters. In this story, Seyersted says, Kate Chopin was not interested in the immoral in itself, but in life as it comes, in what she saw as natural--or certainly inevitable--expressions ofShow MoreRelatedThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin886 Words   |  4 Pages In Kate Chopin â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, the reader is presented with the theme of prohibited independence. In Kate Chopin â€Å"The Storm†, the scenery in this story builds the perfect atmosphere for an adulterous affair. The importance of these stories is to understand the era they occurred. Kate Chopin wrote stories with exceptional openness about sexual desires. In â€Å"The Storm†, a short story written by Kate Chopin in a time when women were expected to act a certain way and sexual cravings was consideredRead MoreFeminity and Sexual Desires in The Storm by Kate Chopin704 Words   |  3 Pages The Storm is a story Written by Kate Chopin. The time at which the story was set is in the 19th century. The story was set in Louisiana and in real sense, Louisiana is a place that is best known for violent storms. The story is about is a confrontation of the theme of femininity and complexities of the married people in the storm. The storm is used throughout the story, and it only ends after the characters, Alcee and Calixta’s sexual encounter, which brings out the theme of femininity, and sexualRead MoreThe Storm By Kate Chopin Essay1508 Words   |  7 Pages Kate Chopin was an American author who wrote the short story â€Å"The Storm†. It takes place somewhere down in Louisiana at a general store and at the house of Calixta, Bobinot who is the wife of Calixta, and their son Bibi. The other character in the story is the friend of Calixta, Alcee Laballiere. The story begins with Bobinot and Bibi in the general store to buy a can of shrimp; meanwhile, at home, Calixt a is at home doing chores when a storm develops, which makes her worry about Bobinot and BibiRead MoreLeo Haines. Professor Capozzi. Research Paper. April 29,1518 Words   |  7 PagesApril 29, 2017 Kate Chopin Kate Chopin was a famous author of short stories and articles. Kate was born on February 8, 1850, in St. Louis Missouri, and she grew up speaking English and French. After her husband has passed in 1882, and that is when her writing career launched. In most of her novels and stories her characters are bilingual, also known as fluent in two languages. Kate Chopin using the theme of feminism in her stories, â€Å"The Awakening†, â€Å"The Storm†, and â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† whereRead MoreAnalysis Of Kate Chopin s The Storm 915 Words   |  4 PagesSeptember 30, 2015 Analysis of Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Storm† â€Å"The Storm† by Kate Chopin is a story of passion and desire where morality has no home when it comes to love, sex, and marriage. â€Å"The Storm† as the title implies, tells a story about Calixta a married woman who has an affair with Alcee, a former beau who is also married. As the storm approaches so does Alcee riding upon his horse and he asks â€Å"May I come in and wait on your gallery till the storm is over, Calixta?† (Chopin , pg 121). She allows himRead More Comparison of Ripe Figs, The Story of an Hour, and The Storm by Kate Chopin1074 Words   |  5 PagesComparison of Ripe Figs, The Story of an Hour, and The Storm by Kate Chopin In the three short works, Ripe Figs, The Story of an Hour, and The Storm, Kate Chopin has woven into each an element of nature over which no one has control. She uses short time spans to heighten impact and bring her stories to quick conclusions. She displays attitudes in her characters in two of her stories which may have been very controversial at the time they were written. Ripe Figs is the shorter ofRead MoreThe Storm by Kate Chopin1332 Words   |  6 Pagesnoticed about Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Storm,† is that it is utterly dripping with sexual imagery and symbolism. Our heroine, if you will, seems to be a woman with normally restrained passions and a well-defined sense of propriety, who finds herself in a situation that tears down her restraint and reveals the vixen within. I wonder if it was intentional that the name Calixta makes me think of Calypso – the nymph from Greek mythology. If half of the sexual symbolism I found in this story was intentiona lRead MoreThe Storm by Kate Chopin1238 Words   |  5 PagesKate Chopin is writing so many great stories about whatever she sees. Kate has many Wonderful stories such as, (The Storm, Desiree’s Baby, A Pair of Silk Stocking, A Respectable Woman, and The Story of an Hour). There is one story in particular that catches my mind which is â€Å"The Storm†. 0In Kate chopins era, women are seen as nothing more than a wife and have to stay with their husband for life. Chopin shows a dramatic scene between Alcee and Calixta during the time of a storm that is passing byRead MoreEssay on Marriage According to Kate Chopin868 Words   |  4 Pages Kate Chopin is an experienced short story writer from the beginning of the 1900s, who was ahead of her time due to her amazing ability to take such complex characters that are easy to identify with and create amazing short stories in such a small amount of space. Marriage is a common theme in her stories, because a wife was a defining role in womens lives back then. The only thing is, marriage is not always shown to be flowery and romantic like writings before her. She looked at the painfullyRead MoreThe Storm780 Words   |  4 PagesKate Chopin#8217;s short story #8220;The Storm#8221; describes an encounter of infidelity between two lovers during a brief thunderstorm. The story alludes to the controversial topic of women#8217;s sexuality and passion, which during Chopin#8217;s time no one spoke about much less wrote about. So controversial was #8220;The Storm,#8221; that it was not published until after her death in eighteen ninety-nine. The story is broken up into five sectio ns, each filled with small clues and hints

Corruption Within the Criminal Justice System - 3675 Words

Corruption within the Criminal Justice System I have always had a strong passion for the criminal justice system especially policing. Even as a student at Jessie Jensen Elementary I remember picking police officers for Career Day. However, my admiration for police officers has become pure disappointment. Corruption has become a major issue within police departments. Unfortunately more and more police officers are being lured into committing corrupt acts. Although corruption with in the criminal justice system has always been around, it is now more evident than ever. Policing in the United States has been around since the early nineteenth century (Siegal and Senna 154). Even in the early nineteenth century corruption with in†¦show more content†¦It is obvious that police officers are using their jobs as law enforcers to obtain illegal items and are shamefully betraying their police departments. The policemen who were involved in this drug smuggle were veterans. When people think of veterans, whether it be a veteran of war or a veteran of a police department, we think of someone who has devoted many years, served and been loyal to the service. People have admiration for veterans and recognize them for being committed to the service as well as being faithful to every year they have been involved in it. Now the four veteran police officers from Chicago will be spending time in prison instead of adding more years to the service of policing. Those years that the veteran police officers were dedicated to the policing is now history, they could have helped lower crime rates in Chicago, but instead they are facing priso n time. So much corruption within police departmentsShow MoreRelatedThe Criminal Justice System Is The Law Of The Land1380 Words   |  6 PagesThe criminal justice system as a whole can be looked at in numerous ways depending on the sub category you want to approach, whether it be the federal law, law enforcement or correctional programs. In most eyes, the federal law is the law of the land and by that it provides a stable community of rules that everyone must follow with efficiency while providing public safety. With that comes the enforcement of the law, the most common being police. In essence majority of the united states looks at theRead MoreThe Extreme Justice League By Michael Barnett1244 Words   |  5 Pagesextreme justice league. The extreme justice league consists of middle ages men and women who are real life superheroes. Each of theses superheroes has various backgrounds of being victims or affected by violence or assault or have had a troublesome upbringing. For example, as a child, Master Legend was forced by his father to fight in a ring against his friends and other children. If he lost the fight he would not be allowed to eat dinner and he would get locked in a closet. The extreme justice leagueRead MorePolice Officer And The Criminal Justice System Essay960 Words   |  4 Pagesstereotypical answer, but is that really what we all think? Most would agree that in today s society, the words do not have the same positive correlation anymore. It is actually almost the complete opposite. Police officers and others in the criminal justice system have created a poor reputation for themselves from the actions they have taken. Crooked cops seem to be the headliners of countless news stories. Now, that is not to say there are not any stories of people of the law doing their jobs to theRead MoreThe Law Enforcement System And The Criminal Justice System Essay1657 Words   |  7 PagesThe Law enforcement system is one of the major components within the Crimin al Justice System. According to the National Center for Victims of Crime (2008), The Law enforcement system plays a critical key role within the Criminal Justice system, since â€Å"Law enforcement officers take reports for crimes that happen in the area, then the officers investigate crimes and both gather and protect evidence, officers may arrest offenders, give testimony during the court process, and conduct follow up investigationsRead MoreAmerica’S Criminal Justice System Today Is Constantly Being1101 Words   |  5 Pages America’s criminal justice system today is constantly being questioned and scrutinized by citizens. America’s Criminal Justice system is based on morals and beliefs. These original morals and beliefs didn t come out of anywhere. Europe was a huge influence on America and our criminal justice system. Throughout the years the system has evolved along with our country. America s Criminal Justice system started during colonial America, with the early colonists coming from England, France, andRead MoreT Be Used As An Initial Heading1000 Words   |  4 Pagessurround us, but the people in America and the people in the criminal justice system are victims of by the men and women who swore to protect and carry out the equal human rights of all. Racial bias does not just occur solely within the court system. It occurs from the black men who was racially profiled who randomly got pulled over, to jury selections, to the out of proportion prison systems and to the entire criminal justice system, who took the 14th Amendment to provide equal human rights toRead MoreA Brief Note On Corruption Of Police Administration1474 Words   |  6 Pages Corruption in Police Administration Andrew Broyhill University of Central Missouri CJ 2101 November 17, 2015 Dr. Etters â€Æ' Corruption in Police Administration Police corruption is a problem that has and will always impact us all. It has always existed and has changed policing in several dramatic ways. However, one simple element of corruption has always been apparent. It’s never NOT happening. Unfortunately, police corruption is an on going problem that isn’t slowing down. In fact, in the pastRead MoreEssay on Police and Corruption1393 Words   |  6 PagesPolice and Corruption The police. Twenty-four hours a day, three hundred sixty-five days a year, this division of our government has a mandate to enforce the criminal law and preserve public peace. Understood in this mandate is an obligation to police everyday life matters that originate in the daily lives and activities of citizens within their community. Police interact in some form with the average citizen more often than any other government official. In society today the police playRead MoreEssay Ethics in Criminal Justice1263 Words   |  6 PagesETHICS IN CRIMINAL PROCEDURE AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE CRJ 306 – INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINAL LAW AND PROCEDURE KRISTA L. JONES PROFESSOR COURTNEY SEVERINO July 29, 2013 Ethics in Criminal Procedure and Criminal Justice Actions and inactions all have moral implications; they are either right or wrong depending on the individual and what s/he believes or feels is right or wrong. Each person’s conduct can and does have implications and ramifications. For every action there is an equal and/or oppositeRead MoreRacial Discrimination And The Criminal Justice System1725 Words   |  7 Pagesnon-equal treatment of members of that race. Also, this paper will be focusing on the race industry within the criminal justice system in all level law enforcement, courts and court system. Racial discrimination can be researched back in history its leading enablers take it as undisputable that the African American community has the highest number of incarceration rates result within the criminal justice system. According to many evidence and statistics is can be stated that at a presidential primary debate

Ethical Principles in Medical Decision Making Essay Example For Students

Ethical Principles in Medical Decision Making Essay In order for the interests of family members to be taken into account in medical decision making, I think that two principles have to be balanced. I think that patient autonomy and respect for persons have to be a part of every medical decision that an individual makes. The two principles are obviously going to come into conflict with one another in the decision making process, in which case autonomy should have more weight over the respect for persons principle. I do not agree with John Hardwigs presumption of equality. Humans are just not wired to think that way, and the decision making process would become much too complicated as physicians became involved in the dynamics of families, attempting to morally and equally weigh the interests of patients and their families. Physicians have enough to consider as it is, as it is difficult enough determining which treatments and options will best benefit each patients values and interests. Hardwig had the moral reasons for presumption of equality, but no solid explanations as to how the principle could be implemented. Patient autonomy would have to be sacrificed in order for the idea of presumption of equality to be honored. I think that the interests of family members and those close to an individual should always be taken into consideration, but not necessarily given equal importance. Naturally family members can persuade, support, and participate in discussion and the joint decision making process, but when there is a conflict between autonomy and respect for the interests of family members, autonomy wins out. The role of the physician, then, should be to respect patient autonomy by discussing possible treatments and providing all of the necessary information the patient needs to make an informed and autonomous decision as usual. In addition to this responsibility, doctors ought to also be trained to initiate discussion with the patient of their rights and responsibilities and encouraging patients to examine the moral implications and impact that their medical decisions will have on the family. If conflict between a patients decision and familys interests arises, the physician should respect the patients choice and right to be autonomous. #3)In Helga Wanglies case, the physicians should have been allowed to withdraw from the case. Ackerman argues that the decision of whether or not treatment is beneficial to the patient is an ethical one, and has little to do with medical expertise. However, in order to make treatment decisions based on values, one must first have a general idea of what those values are. Mrs. Wanglie left no advanced directives to specify what she would have wanted, and the initial admission made by her husband revealed that the couple had never discussed what her desires would be should she ever become dependent on a respirator. In the absence of clear and convincing evidence of the patients values, as well as a lack of information on which to base substituted judgment, the desires of an average reasonable person should be examined. As argued by Miles, a large majority of elderly patients prefer not to receive respirator support in circumstances of irreversible unconsciousness. Most would find that the burdens of this prolonged treatment outweigh the possible, albeit highly unlikely benefit of a return to consciousness. This view is similar to that of the physicians, who found Mrs. Wanglies treatment to be non-beneficial because the respirator could not heal her, prevent her from suffering, or enable her to experience the life it ultimately prolonged. The treatment not only failed to physically benefit Mrs. Wanglie, but detracts from the common good of the community as the insurance premiums members pay provide for Mrs. Wanglies non-beneficial treatment. The physicians view is closer to the truth in this case. The medical care provided could no longer benefit Mrs. Wanglie, and without substantial proof that she would prefer to be kept alive under such circumstances, it is inappropriate to prolong treatment that does not achieve any sort of beneficial result beyond sustaining an irreversible coma. .u17e3e291e2eed3b7fbcaed9cf90b045e , .u17e3e291e2eed3b7fbcaed9cf90b045e .postImageUrl , .u17e3e291e2eed3b7fbcaed9cf90b045e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u17e3e291e2eed3b7fbcaed9cf90b045e , .u17e3e291e2eed3b7fbcaed9cf90b045e:hover , .u17e3e291e2eed3b7fbcaed9cf90b045e:visited , .u17e3e291e2eed3b7fbcaed9cf90b045e:active { border:0!important; } .u17e3e291e2eed3b7fbcaed9cf90b045e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u17e3e291e2eed3b7fbcaed9cf90b045e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u17e3e291e2eed3b7fbcaed9cf90b045e:active , .u17e3e291e2eed3b7fbcaed9cf90b045e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u17e3e291e2eed3b7fbcaed9cf90b045e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u17e3e291e2eed3b7fbcaed9cf90b045e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u17e3e291e2eed3b7fbcaed9cf90b045e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u17e3e291e2eed3b7fbcaed9cf90b045e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u17e3e291e2eed3b7fbcaed9cf90b045e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u17e3e291e2eed3b7fbcaed9cf90b045e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u17e3e291e2eed3b7fbcaed9cf90b045e .u17e3e291e2eed3b7fbcaed9cf90b045e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u17e3e291e2eed3b7fbcaed9cf90b045e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Study of Linguistics Essay #4)In the Cruzan case, the biggest hurdle that had to be cleared was proving that Nancy would want nutrition and hydration removed in a clear and concise manner. Ultimately it was this key issue that was responsible .

W.R.1 - Inquiry Activity Essays - Jewish Cuisine, Diets,

W.R.1 - Inquiry Activity Many people fail to realise that dietary laws actually do exist in our society. In many religions there are great restrictions and guidelines that must be followed when it comes to food selection which dates back to the biblical era. Kashrut (the Jewish dietary laws) is a perfect example of these laws. There are however other issues that affect our choice in food including our moral and ethical values, health reasons, self discipline and of course social reasons. Hypothesis What affect do dietary laws have on the food selection and consumption of Jews? Definition of Terms Affect- to act on or influence. Dietary Laws- Laws (usually religious) that control and persuade a certain religion or race on their choice of food. Selection- a choice Consumption- the act of consuming Consume- to use or absorb all of something Jew- a person of Judaic race or religion Method 1. On Friday 5th February I searched the Internet for information on "Jewish Dietary Laws". 2. On Saturday 6th February I searched the Internet for information on "Kashrut". 3. On Monday 8th February I searched the Internet for information on "religion". 4. On Thursday 11th February I searched the Internet for information On "Judaism" 5. On Saturday 13th February I read through various Encyclopedias and dictionaries for meanings of words and to look up Judaism. 6. On Sunday 14th February I searched the Internet for information on Religious Practices and Beliefs and also on Kosher Restaurants. Kashrut is the Dietary Laws of the Jewish. These laws come from the bible and have been elaborated on over the years. For those observant Jews, Kashrut controls the selection, consumption and preparation of all food. When most people eat, it is an instinctive thing. Rarely do you think about it when you grab something to eat. Jews however who obey the Kashrut laws make regular choices about the food that they eat. Many believe that these Dietary Laws make you less instinctive because you are constantly contemplating everything that you do and therefore go through life as a more observant person. Those practicing Judaism are allowed to eat meat as long as the animal has cloven hooves and chews its cud. This does not include pigs of course, rabbits, dogs, cats, horses and whales. The laws however allow them to eat lamb, beef, venison, mutton, goat, turkey, chicken and doves. The reason these animals are eaten is partly because of their symbolism. Animals with split hooves are seen as tranquil and domesticated with no natural weapons and these are the characteristics that the Jewish wishes to absorb when they eat. They refuse to eat scavengers, carnivores or birds of prey because they do not admire these characteristics. The Jewish Dietary Laws define food as either "kosher" (right, proper, fit) or "trefah" (torn, unclean, forbidden) . I believe that these would be the spiritual influences behind the Jew's choice of food for they believe that they will absorb the animals good characteristics once they have eaten the animal. Milk dishes must also be cooked and eaten separately to meat dishes. It is not known why this is, but it states in the bible several times " a kid may not be cooked in his mothers milk" It is believed that this is the reason why Hebrews did not participate in pagan rituals of animal sacrifice. Between a milk meal (a meal containing dairy products) and a meat meal a person MUST either rinse out their mouth or eat a morsel of bread. There is no waiting period for this but if the meat was consumed first then a person must wait at least three hours before consuming a meal containing milk. In most homes there are two sets of utensils and dishes, one for milk meals and the other for meat. These are used, stored and cleaned separately as is the table linen as the bible says. At any Jewish wedding alcohol has always been popular, traditionally being a glass of wine or a glass of schnapps. The glass raised today however seems to be entirely different to that of the past. Now instead of simply wine and schnapps at weddings there are full bars with every type of alcohol imaginable. This would be a social reason that has expanded over the

An Introduction to Korsakoffs Syndrome

An Introduction to Korsakoffs Syndrome Korsakoff’s syndrome is a memory disorder caused by a deficiency of thiamine, or vitamin B1, in the body. It is usually characterized by amnesia, disorientation, apathy, and confabulation – a condition in which a person reports events that never happened. Korsakoff’s syndrome is commonly associated with prolonged alcohol misuse. Effects of Thiamine Deficiency on the Body Thiamine is critical to the health of living organisms. It serves as a  cofactor  for enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism.  These  enzymes  help produce chemicals needed for generating important  molecules  for the body, such as those that help give cells energy and others that are crucial to building protein. Thus, a lack of thiamine can interfere with many of the body’s processes and lead to  cellular death. Although thiamine is essential for the body, the body does not produce thiamine on its own, and only stores a small amount of thiamine (about 30 mg) at one time. The body can deplete this small store of thiamine in only a few weeks if thiamine is not ingested. When combined with alcohol misuse, thiamine deficiency can interfere with the body’s ability to absorb and transport additional amounts of thiamine. For example, liver damage can reduce how much thiamine can be stored in the body. Furthermore, the transport of thiamine through several parts of the body, like the  blood-brain barrier, can be impaired. These sites would then require even more thiamine to function normally. Neuropsychology of Korsakoffs Syndrome Thiamine deficiency affects several brain regions involved in  episodic memory. These areas, which include structures in the  limbic system  such as the  hippocampus, are responsible for the coding, storage, and retrieval of memories related to specific events. Other memory systems can also be affected by thiamine deficiency,  including autobiographical memory, which combines memories of personal experiences (episodic memory) with general knowledge about the world (autobiographical knowledge). Another area that can be damaged is implicit learning, which is the knowledge that one learns without being aware of it, like the motor skills involved in riding a bike. Though researchers have emphasized the role of memory in Korsakoff’s syndrome, its symptoms often include impairments in executive functions, like reasoning and speech, which are associated with the  frontal lobes  of the brain. For example, confabulation – which is a main characteristic of the syndrome – may involve both memory and the frontal lobes. This has led some researchers to postulate that neurotoxicity resulting from alcohol would primarily affect the frontal lobes of the brain, and occur alongside thiamine deficiency, which affects memory – though this hypothesis has been debated. Causes of Korsakoffs Syndrome Though Korsakoff’s syndrome is commonly associated with alcohol misuse, the condition is not necessarily caused by alcohol. Other causes of Korsakoff’s syndrome include poor nutrition, anorexia, and surgical procedures that are performed to induce weight loss – which can lead to a deficiency of thiamine in the body. TheWet Brain â€Å"Wet brain,† or Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, describes individuals who develop both Korsakoff’s syndrome and Wernicke’s encephalopathy due to  alcohol misuse. In cases of wet brain, Wernicke’s encephalopathy, which is characterized by imbalance, confusion, and double vision, occurs  first. Wernicke’s encephalopathy occurs suddenly but its symptoms are often reversible with thiamine treatments. Korsakoff’s syndrome occurs more slowly, and its symptoms are typically irreversible. Around 85 percent of individuals with Wernicke’s encephalopathy develop Korsakoff’s syndrome. Theoretical Explanations There are two distinct theoretical explanations for Korsakoffs syndrome: the continuity hypothesis and the dual-process model. The continuity hypothesis for Korsakoff’s syndrome states that there is a continuum of increasingly worsening cognitive and neurophysiological symptoms, such as memory loss, that can result from alcohol misuse. This continuum extends from individuals who are dependent on alcohol but do not have any complications to those with Korsakoff syndrome. This suggests that Korsakoff’s syndrome is a more severe consequence of alcohol dependence, though worse conditions do not necessarily correlate to a more pronounced drinking history. However, studies testing the continuity hypothesis have mostly focused on memory, with little evidence for other impairments that are also observed in Korsakoff’s syndrome. The dual-process model states that cognitive processes like decision-making utilize one of two systems: the â€Å"reflective system,† in which an individual deliberates a decision before making one, and the â€Å"automatic-affective system,† in which someone impulsively acts. The reflective system is associated with the prefrontal lobes, while the automatic-affective system mostly concerns the limbic system. Normally, these two systems work together to ensure that someone is making coherent decisions. However, this balance may be disrupted in someone who is addicted to alcohol. They have a more active automatic-affective system, which leads to more impulsive behavior, and a less active reflective system, which means those impulsive behaviors are less likely to be inhibited. Though this model may be of relevance to Korsakoff’s syndrome, it has mostly been tested on people who have recently recovered from an alcohol addiction and do not have Korsakoff’s syndrome. The model should be validated through further study. Korsakoffs Syndrome Key Takeaways Korsakoff’s syndrome, which is commonly associated with the misuse of alcohol, is a long-term consequence of thiamine deficiency. Thiamine, or vitamin B1, is an essential vitamin for the body to function.The syndrome is mostly characterized by deficits in memory, though it affects other functions of the brain as well.Models have been postulated to explain Korsakoff’s syndrome, but the models still require further study. Sources â€Å"Autobiographical memory.† In Learning and Memory: A Comprehensive Reference, 2008, pp. 893-909.Brion, M., D’Hondt, F., Davidoff, D., and Maurage, P. â€Å"Beyond cognition: Understanding affective impairments in Korsakoff syndrome.† Emotion Review, vol. 8, no. 4, 2016, pp. 376-384.Brion, M., Pitel, A., Beaunieux, H., and Maurage, P. â€Å"Revisiting the continuum hypothesis: toward an in-depth exploration of executive functions in Korsakoff syndrome.† Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, vol. 8, 2014.Cornell University. â€Å"Thiamine biochemistry.†Martin, P., Singleton, C., and Hiller-Sturmhà ¶fel, S. â€Å"The role of thiamine deficiency in alcoholic brain disease.†McCormick, L., Buchanan, J., Onwuameze, O., Pierson, R., and Paradiso, S. â€Å"Beyond alcoholism: Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome in patients with psychiatric disorders.† Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, vol. 24, no. 4, 2011, pp. 209-216Thomson, A., Guerrini, I., and Ma rshall, E. â€Å"The evolution and treatment of Korsakoff’s syndrome.† Neuropsychology Review, vol. 22, no. 2, 2012, pp. 81-92.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples Recognition Act

In determining who the Act is for, the definition of ATSI people must be considered. As this Act does not provide a definition, a review of prior Australian legislative and common law definitions is therefore required. The definition of ATSI people has a long and contentious history in Australia. Even today, two very different definitions are concurrently in use. One, commonly found in Australian legislation, defines Aboriginals as a person who is a member of the Aboriginal race of Australia. The second definition, a three-part test proposed in the early 1980’s by the Commonwealth Department of Aboriginal Affairs, identifies ATSI peoples as being ‘of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander descent who identify as an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islanders and are accepted as such by the community in which they live. ’ The first definition becomes problematic as it fails to establish the sort of evidence required to satisfy it. Advances in the field of human genetics have concluded that there is no meaningful genetic or biological basis for the concept of ‘race’. The second definition presents its own problems, which arise when the Aboriginality of the community doing the accepting is thrown into question. Subsequent case law has further developed the definition of ATSI people, for example in Gibbs v Capewell (1995), Justice Drummond stated that ‘the less the degree of Aboriginal descent, the more important cultural circumstances become in determining whether a person is Aboriginal’. In Eatock v Bolt [2011], Bromberg J considered the extent to which each criteria in the three-part test needed to be deployed, stating that: â€Å"For some legislative purposes and in the understanding of some people, compliance with one or two of the attributes of the three-part test may be regarded as sufficient. † The currently favoured three-part definition may be considered an advancement over earlier colonial definitions of ATSI people, which comprised of derogatory terms such as â€Å"nobel savage† or â€Å"prehistoric beast†. The fact remains however within in Australia, only ATSI people are required to prove their identity. Furthermore, it is Australia’s legislature, comprising of mainly non-ATSI representatives, who are tasked with defining ATSI people, rather than ATSI peoples themselves. Who will benefit The question as to who this Act will benefit requires an examination of what the Act aims to achieve prior to the conclusion of its two year ‘sunset provision’, as well as the longer term aims to which the Act is directed. Parliament has acknowledged that the Act is only an interim step towards recognition of ATSI peoples in the Constitution, and that the Act is not intended to be a substitute for constitutional recognition itself. The Act provides for the recognition of ATSI people as Australia’s first occupants, acknowledges their continuing relationship with their traditional land and waters, and acknowledges ATSI people’s culture, language and heritage. The Act does not create any material or economic benefits for ATSI people. Rather, it aims at building political support for Constitutional reform. As the Australian Founding Fathers paid no attention at all to the position of the Australian aboriginal race, the Act may be of some benefit to the emotional wellbeing of ATSI people as it formally acknowledges their cultural heritage. However, due to the section 5 of the Act, which causes these to cease two years after its commencement, any such benefit will be temporary. Furthermore, as Parliament must hold a successful referendum to effect any Constitutional change, there remains a possibility that Parliament could fail to generate enough support for the amendments it proposes. In that case the Act would have been little, if any, lasting benefit. As Parliament is yet to propose any amendments to the Constitution, it remains unclear who will benefit in the longer term. PART B: Provisions to Bind Future Parliaments The Act provides a process for progressing constitutional recognition of ATSI people into the future. Section 4 (1) of the Act provides that the relevant minister must conduct a review of support for a referendum to recognize ATSI people in the Constitution within 12 months of the commencement of the Act. As the Act commenced in February 2012, and a Federal election is due for the same year, it is likely that this provision will take effect after the election. The question of whether this provision is binding on future Parliaments requires an examination of whether the Parliament has the power do so, and if it does, under what circumstances. Parliamentary Sovereignty Parliamentary sovereignty represents one of the twin pillars of British constitutional law, along with the rule of law, identified by the influential nineteenth century jurist, Alfred Venn Dicey (1835-1922). Dicey defined Parliamentary Sovereignty as essentially being â€Å"the power of lawmaking unrestricted by any legal limit† which gives Parliament â€Å"the right to make or unmake any law; whatever†. However, unlike the United Kingdom, the Australian Parliament is constrained by the Commonwealth Constitution and is therefore not absolutely sovereign In theory, there is a necessary limit to sovereignty. If Parliament were absolutely sovereign to pass any law whatsoever, it could pass laws limiting the power of its successors, and parliamentary sovereignty would be short-lived. In Australia, the general rule is that Parliament is not bound by a previous Parliament. This was supported by the majority in Kartinyeri, who concluded, as Brennan CJ and McHugh J put it, that â€Å"the power to make laws includes the power to unmake them†. Each new Parliament is therefore free to create new laws afresh. The notion that Parliament is not bound by prior legislation is further supported by the doctrines of express repeal and implied repeal. The doctrine of express repeal works on the proposition that a later act of Parliament can be enacted which expressly and clearly repeals an earlier act in its totality. The doctrine of implied repeal states that certain sections of an earlier act maybe accidently or impliedly repealed where the provisions of an earlier act are inconsistent with a later act. The Act in question is not binding of successor Parliaments, and may therefore be amended or repealed as Parliament sees fit. Manner and Form Provisions Australian Parliaments have on occasions sought to affect the power of their successors by imposing special requirements for the passing of some laws. These requirements, known as ‘manner and form’ provisions, are restrictive procedures. They restrict the legislative powers of the Parliament by requiring that laws on certain topics may only be enacted by a special and more difficult procedure. Probably the most common manner and form provision is the referendum requirement whereby, before royal assent is given to the bill, it must be approved by a majority of the electorate. Such a provision reconstitutes Parliament by adding an additional chamber, the electorate. This would provide a difficult hurdle for any future Parliament as only 8 of 44 referendums have been successful in Australia’s history. Although Parliament has not drafted this Act in a way which restricts its amendment or repeal, Parliament could do so by inserting manner and form provisions for this purpose. PART C: The Expert Panel Prior to drafting the Bill, the Federal Labor Government established an Expert Panel on constitutional recognition for ATSI people. Throughout 2011, the Panel engaged with thousands of Australians through submissions, consultations and meetings, to hear the views of a wide cross-section of the Australian community. In January 2012, the Panel published its report where it provided recommendations on the possible forms of constitutional recognition, along with constitutional amendments relating to racial non-discrimination. Constitutional background to this legislation The Australian ‘founding fathers’ paid no attention at all to the position of the ATSI peoples. The Constitution as originally framed in 1901 provided for the exclusion and the discriminatory treatment of the ‘aboriginal race’. There were only two references to ATSI people in the body of the original Australian Constitution: (a) Federal Parliament was denied power to make laws with respect to people of â€Å"the aboriginal race in any State†; and (b) Section 127 provided: â€Å"In reckoning the numbers of the people of the Commonwealth, or of a State or other part of the Commonwealth, aboriginal natives shall not be counted. † The 1967 referendum, which did away with the discriminatory references in s 127 and amended s 51 (xxvi) to allow Parliament to make laws for ATSI people, was intended to be in the best interests of the Aboriginal people. However, in the case of Kartinyeri v Commonwealth (1998), which was the legal climax of a long political controversy, the majority of justices said that ‘for’ does not require the Parliament to legislate beneficially. The outcome meant that the Australian Parliament were empowered to enact laws that would not only benefit ATSI people, but also discriminate against them. And so, while the 1967 referendum made well-intentioned symbolic changes, the overall legal effect was that the discriminatory attitudes of the Constitution’s founders were retained. One of the principles agreed to by the Panel for its assessment of proposals for constitutional was that a proposal must be of benefit to and accord with the wishes of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. It could therefore be argued that an Expert Panel, comprised not only of lawyers but prominent ATSI community members, carefully scrutinising the legal ramifications of any proposed constitutional amendments, will make it less likely that constitutional recognition would have unintended outcomes for ATSI people (as in Kartinyeri). Furthermore, Megan Davis, a member of the expert panel, stated that constitutional recognition – whether amendment of a race power or a non-discrimination clause – does not foreclose on the question of sovereignty. The above findings by the Panel, along with its widespread consultation with ASTI people, will undoubtedly play a significant role in addressing the concerns the Australia people may have in relation to the proposed referendum. [ 1 ]. Dr John Gardiner-Garden, Defining Aboriginality in Australia (3 February 2003) Social Policy Group . [ 2 ]. Ibid. [ 3 ]. See, eg, Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Act 1986 (Cth). [ 4 ]. Department of Aboriginal Affairs, Report on a Review of the Administration of the Working Definition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders (1981), Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, cited in J Gardiner-Garden, The Definition of Aboriginality: Research Note 18, 2000–01 (2000) Parliament of Australia, 2. [ 5 ]. See above n 1. [ 6 ]. J Graves, The Emperor’s New Clothes: Biological Theories of Race at the Millennium (2001) Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick. [ 7 ]. See above n 1. [ 8 ]. 54 FCR 503. [ 9 ]. FCA 1103 (28 September 2011). 10 ]. Michael Dodson ‘The End in the Beginning: Re(de)finding Aboriginality’ (Speech delivered at the Wentworth Lecture, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, 1994). [ 11 ]. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples Recognition Act 2013 (Cth) s 5. [ 12 ]. Explanatory Memorandum, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples Recognition Bill 2012 (Cth). [ 13 ]. Above n 11, s 3. [ 14 ]. Geoffrey Sawer, ‘The Australian Constitution and the Australian Aborigine’ (1966) 2 Federal Law Review 17. [ 15 ]. Australia Constitution s 128. [ 16 ]. Ibid. [ 17 ]. Above n 12. [ 18 ]. Sarah Joseph and Melissa Castan, Federal Constitutional Law: A Contemporary View (Thomson Reuters, 3rd ed, 2010) 3. [ 19 ]. A V Dicey, The Introduction to The Study of the Constitution (Macmillan and Co, first published 1885, 1889 ed). [ 20 ]. Ibid. [ 21 ]. Above n 21. [ 22 ]. A Reilly, G Appleby, L Grenfell and W Lacey, Australian Public Law (Oxford University Press, 2011). [ 23 ]. Ibid. [ 24 ]. 152 ALR at [13]. [ 25 ]. See, eg, Vauxhall Estates, Ltd. v. Liverpool Corporation [1932] 1 KB 733. See also Ellen Street Estates Ltd. v. Minister of Health [1934] 1 KB 590 at 597. [ 26 ]. Ibid. [ 27 ]. Above n 24. [ 28 ]. Tony Blackshield and George Williams, Australian Constitutional Law and Theory: Commentary and Materials (The Federation Press, 5th ed, 2010) 440. [ 29 ]. Ibid. [ 30 ]. Gerard Carney, ‘An Overview of Manner and Form in Australia’ (1989) 5 QUT Law Review 1. [ 31 ]. Ibid. [ 32 ]. Above n 32, 1340. [ 33 ]. Expert Panel on Constitutional Recognition of Indigenous Australians, Canberra, Recognising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in the Constitution: Report of the Expert Panel (2012) . [ 34 ]. Geoffrey Sawer, ‘The Australian Constitution and the Australian Aborigine’ (1966) 2 Federal Law Review 17. 35 ]. Asmi Wood, ‘Constitutional Reform 2013: What are we trying to achieve? ’ (2012) 37 (3) Alternative Law Journal 156-160. [ 36 ]. Law Council of Australia, Constitutional Recognition of Indigenous Australians, Discussion Paper (2011) 19. [ 37 ]. Australian Constitution s 51 (xxvi). [ 38 ]. Above n 18, 484. [ 39 ]. 195 CLR 337. [ 40 ]. Pet er Hanks Deborah Cass, Australian Constitution Law: Materials and Commentary (Butterworths, 6th ed, 1999). [ 41 ]. Commonwealth v Tasmania (1983) 158 CLR 1, 110 (Gibbs CJ). [ 42 ]. Above n 35, 158. [ 43 ]. Above n 33.

Concept of Freedom in Samkhya and Yoga Philosophy Essay

Concept of Freedom in Samkhya and Yoga Philosophy - Essay Example Samkhya exists as one of the oldest and most prominent philosophies in India. Kapila, a great and eminent sage, founded this school. Two philosophical schools arose in India based on Upanishads. These included the Samkhya or realistic and the Vedanta or idealistic. The entire philosophy of Samkhya combines Yoga and Samkhya basic doctrines. However, Samkhya philosophy is representative of theory, while yoga is representative of practical or application aspects (Burley 23). The two have been characterized as practical and theoretical aspects of one system with Samkhya involving the theoretical background to Yoga’s more practical orientation. In this case, Yoga can be seen as a sub-school or branch of Samkhya because it inherits most concepts from Samkhya, although some scholars also argue that Samkhya and yoga have important conceptual and doctrinal differences (Burley 23). However, one of the concepts that the two share in common is freedom. This paper will seek to discuss the concept of freedom in Samkhya and Yoga.... While Samkhya practice has many similarities with classical yoga, samadhi is not a focus in Samkhya as far as freedom and liberation are concerned. However, both practices require asceticism for true freedom and liberation. Samkhya philosophy was essential in the formation of classical yoga and the two philosophies adopted, tested, borrowed, and discarded practices and ideas from one another until, eventually, there was a consistent model that came from each of the approaches with freedom being a central component of each (Burley 32). Samkhya has a dualism that is similar to ancient Jainism where all individuals had separate and unique jivas from other jivas, similar to the purusha in Samkhya that were also believed to be separate (Burley 35). Just like in ancient Jainism, classical yoga and Samkhya practice a form of fierce yoga that involves complete renunciation. However, renunciation by itself in Samkhya does not lead to true freedom from the grasp of Prakriti with discernment al so required. This discernment involves knowledge of the universe and its ways. However, this knowledge is not intellectual because intellect is still considered Prakriti. Discernment increases the ability to develop inner knowledge, which understands what is real and what is ephemeral, which separates the universes apparent from the true reality of the world. While discernment is achieved via reasoning, it also gives one the ability and will of renouncing what is not real, which is the beginning of freedom (Burley 35). The Upanishads from India tell of the soul, also referred to as the soul, which is, ultimately, one that has living and universal consciousness that is called Brahman or absolute. Brahman, which is the source of all that is alive, is

Human biology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human biology - Assignment Example The normal level of glucose in the blood is about 90 mg per 100 cm3 (Taylor, Green, & Stout, 1984). To have a very low level of glucose (hypoglycemia) or a very high level (hyperglycemia) are, both, serious problems disturbing the osmotic equilibrium of the body. Pancreas is the regulatory organ which helps control glucose levels. It has glucose receptor cells which measure the concentration of glucose in the blood stream together with endocrine cells called the islets of Langerhans which secrete glucagon or insulin depending on which is needed by the body at that particular time. When a person eats a meal, the glucose level in the blood stream tends to rise. This is detected by the pancreas. Consequently, the -Cells in the Islets of Langerhans release the hormone: insulin. The hormone enters the blood stream and its target organs are mainly liver and muscles. The respiration rate is increased (break down of glucose to release carbon dioxide and water). Moreover, it is converted into storage forms i.e. glycogen and fats. Hence, this causes the glucose level to fall. On the other hand, during fasting or starvation, the glucose level is decreased. Detected by the pancreas (-cells), the hypothalamus in brain and adrenal glands (adrenal medulla), hormones like glucagon, adrenaline, cortisol and thyroxin are produced that hasten the conversion of glycogen to glucose. Furthermore, proteins in the body are converted to glucose, which in turn increases the glucose levels in the blood (Saul, 2004). What if this control mechanism fails? The consequence would be in the form of diseases like Diabetes Mellitus. It has two forms. Either the insulin receptors do not function properly or the insulin is not produced at all. This leads to symptoms like high thirst since water moves from the cells into the blood stream, copious urine production,

The Role of the Gods in the Odyssey Essay -- Homer, Odyssey Essays

Religion was deeply intertwined the culture of the ancient Greeks. In their stories, they prayed to the gods to satisfy their needs and offer assistance in their endeavors, and the gods would occasionally appear to select Greeks to give counsel, gifts, or other forms of aid. Alternatively, if the desires or endeavors of a mortal or mortals displeased one or more of the gods, they would also interfere with the fulfillment of their goals. In Homer’s Odyssey, the gods appear to or interfere with both Telemachus and Odysseus, either to help or hinder them in their journeys. Although the gods are responsible the difficulty Odysseus faces returning from Troy, they are equally responsible for motivating and assisting Odysseus and Telemachus in their respective travels. If not for divine interference, neither Odysseus nor Telemachus would have journeys to make. The gods are first responsible for establishing the conditions under which the story begins. While the Greek soldiers had returned home from Troy, Odysseus remained trapped as â€Å"the brightest goddess, Calypso, held him her hollow grottoes† because â€Å"she wanted him as a husband† (Homer, Odyssey 1.5, Translation by Allen Mandelbaum). Calypso traps Odysseus on her island of Ogygia and â€Å"keeps the sad Odysseus there—although he weeps. Her words are fond and fragrant, sweet and soft—so she would honey him to cast far off his Ithaca† (1.7). He remains on Ogygia for years, leaving the care of his home to his wife Penelope and his son Telemachus. Because Calypso keeps him away for years, Odysseus is presumed dead and his absence invites suitors to his home. These suitors look to win the hand of Penelope, Odysseus’ wife. This state of affairs is the overall cause of Telemachus’ d... ...a, escaping Calypso and the island of Ogygia, and Telemachus from Ithaca to Pylos and Sparta in search of his lost father. While The Odyssey tells of the courage both men demonstrate during their respective travels, their quests are the results of the intentions and desires of gods. Odysseus is trapped in exile on Ogygia by the will of Poseidon, whose anger Odysseus attracts when he blinds the Cyclops Polyphemus, son of Poseidon, and by the love of Calypso, who wishes to make Odysseus her husband. He is released from Ogygia and permitted to return to Ithaca only by the command of Zeus, as delivered by Hermes. Telemachus, rather than being trapped physically, was detained emotionally, feeling helpless to repel the suitors wooing Penelope. Only through the motivation of the goddess Athena did Telemachus find the will and courage to embark in search of Odysseus.

Bold Flash Case Essay

BoldDisk, currently known as Boldflash, was founded in 1982 in Waltham Massachussets. Originally manufacturing computer storage medias like floppy disks for original equipment manufacturers and consumer markets, BoldFlash’s product mix has evolved in due course of time. In 2012, the company began offering customers contemporary solutions in flash memory for products such as digital cameras, mp3s and most importantly smartphones, the latter accounting for 40% of the overall market . However, the inability of the company to keep up to date with the dynamic nature of this 20 billion dollar market has led to the decline of the company in regards to product innovation and customer satisfaction. Even though there are macroeconomic factors that brought about this predicament, the effect of managerial inefficiency also has to be taken into account. This essay will do as such by critically viewing the top-down management approach this company has used from both the human relations and power perspectives. The situation that the company currently finds itself in can be attributed to several factors. When looking at Boldflash’s management from a human relations perspective, the issue of bad management becomes more apparent. The previous vice presidents decision of tackling issues through a top down approach can be one cause to the company’s failure in creating value for customers. One problem with this autocratic approach in an innovation company is that it leads to the breakdown of communication and teamwork. The numerous conflicts between manufacturing and sales can be attributed to the simple fact that the culture of the company was not based on communication between the two parties, it was based on following orders from corporate. This lack of vertical loading, or dispersal of authority, has on one hand an effect of inefficiency in trying to create value for the company and its customers, but it also causes the employees to feel neglected. This apparent disconnect between management and workers can and has caused conflicts within the organization that when not addressed can become, according to Herzberg, hygiene factors that inhibit motivation and therefore innovation in the company. Another problem with this management approach is that it acts as hindrance to the development of new products.  The ramifications of taking this McGregor’s Theory x approach, neglects non economic factors such as performance appraisal and participation which are considered as key motivators. Moreover, Maslow’s theory supports the argument that autonomy and room for personal growth are the key motivators for employees to add value to their company through the process of satisfying their own need for self actualization. When looking at this company from a political perspective, the question of how Harrison’s style of management had an effect on the company’s structure is relatively obvious. It is more important to emphasize that the crux of the matter was the major deficits in product development (2nd paragraph; further examined pp.2). According to the present paper, former vice president Jim Harrison commanded a rather strictregiment and had a management style that can be described as autocratic. That suggests the assumption that he made use of Luke’s first dimension of power, namely orders. A clearly visible way of solving conflicts with the results he was in favour of. It’s hardly surprising that this proceeding didn’t lead to a multifarious company culture, or a structure which encourages employees to bring in their ideas. in fact, it shows a second possible reason for BoldFlash’s failure in the tablet-chip market: the market’s potential was not r ecognized to its full extent and was therefore the opportunity was underplayed by management. Another side of BoldFlash’s structural problems are highlighted by the fact that the actual product development group was being led by the marketing department. Disregarded by Harrison ,Cahill notices a loose form of leadership, which – in his view – does not succeed in integrating the talents of the employees. Contrarily to the general culture of strict orders, power is not used much in this group – leaving Cahill with the impression that there were neither clear achievements nor direction in which to move the company. However. the structure of the company is changing as a result of the new vice president. under the structure of a divisionalized form, Robert Cahill leaves to its managers of divisions (Sales, Marketing etc.) the freedom of  decision and then controls the results. This enterprise makes sure that the standardization of outputs are respected through an important performance control. (meetings: definitions of targets, objectives and strategies for each division that decisions makers must keep in mind as they make specific decisions in the front). One can now notice that a formal communication exists -limited to transmission of results- between Cahill and the supervisors of each department. Nevertheless we can focus on what create a discord between all workers. It is mainly due to the division’s culture. We notice that even if all the members work at the same final goals, they all have a different vision of how to perform. Thus their main goal becomes to keep it like a â€Å"treasure† and make sure that nobody will treat it; they are on guard and make their best to keep their â€Å"territory† safe, acting without considering the others. In conclusion, the top down model used by the late Jim Harrison and its autocratic nature hinders organizational performance in respect to understanding the market as well as having a cooperative and innovative environment. this approach neglects the inputs of employees and affects their performance as well as their ability to stay motivated, ultimatly affecting the company’s overall success and profitability, as is the case with BoldFlash.Considering that Fiona Wilson wrote a whole book questioning the totalitarian ambition of management theories, it is not surprising that a vice president with an ambition like that analogically narrows the view of the whole organization.

Descriptive Essay - Emergency Room - 1062 Words

Flashing red and blue lights accompanied by an alarming siren in the distance is signaled when the double doors of the emergency room burst open. Pushed by several nurses, doctors, and other medical staff, a lone hospital stretcher with a bloody, wounded patient flies through the medical center towards the doors to the operating room. This image is what generally comes to mind when you think about an emergency room. Many people believe that the hospital’s emergency room is a dark and scary place. While this is true, the common misconception is that the emergency room is a place clear of humor, when in reality humor is present, even necessary, for many reasons. Many television shows, like the show ER, are based in the setting of the†¦show more content†¦Finally, humor keeps those that work in traumatic situations from becoming disheartened. Because of the nature of their work, most of the individuals that work in the ER have a high burnout rate. There are so many negat ive aspects of working in the ER that doctors and other workers cannot handle for an extended period of time. The anxieties due to the unknowns such as how many people will need medical attention, what the nature of their injuries are, etc. cause additional stress to an already stressful schedule. Because accidents can happen at any time, ER workers have to work at night, which is unappealing to many. Because of these negative aspects, ER work is very difficult, and many people who work in this environment eventually want out. Humor lightens the blow of many of these negative aspects, and at least makes working in the hospital a little more bearable. Humor keeps hospital staff from physically becoming depressed. With the mass number of illness, surgery, and death that they are encompassed with, working in the hospital can wipe out one’s physical energy and mental state of well-being. 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